The Theories Of Crime Causation Essay - 1414 Words

Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonable decisions that will benefit or gratify their interest; therefore the juvenile will choose a behavior that will encourage them to either avoid pain while seeking pleasure. It gives insight as to why the juvenile offender committed a certain crime, as we have learned crimes are committed because the offender feels a sense of reward, it was easy, thrill seeking and fun. So the juvenile is also rational and their behavior can be curtailed or adapted with the punishment of fear (Ministry of Children and Youth Services, 2013) 3. Strain theory is an occurrence within society where pressure to the juvenile to commit crimes, the juvenile is compelled remains in a specific settings like family and school. Therefore if said juvenile is experiencing pain or aversive it is hard for them to escape the situation. So to alleviate this discomfort they turn to crime, this mainly seen within the subculture of gangs (Agnew, 2012). 4. Labeling theory the idea that the juvenile behavior comes fromShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Crime Causation871 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the important goals to criminology is to create valid and accurate theories of crime causation. A theory could be defined as a statement that explains why a certain circumstance does not happen. A valid theory should always have the ability to predict future occurrences of the circumstance in question and also have the ability to be tested (Siegel, 2013). Even though there was talk on the code of law and how crime should be handled from years ago, according to Siegel, the science of criminologyRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime Causation Theory1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Within this document, we will examine Social Bonding theory. We will define what that theory is, then explain why crimes occurs and the reason why crime causation theory is currently relevant and effective. Since this is important to the public safety organization, we hope that when the document is complete, we will have a better understanding of crime causation and if there are additional ways to identify how it may be applied to circumstances on and off the job. But, we also need toRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation1076 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the three main theories of crime causation which comprise the Criminological Theory as well as provide some examples of each. The three main theories of crime causation are biological, sociological and psychological. Each of the three theories have come a long way since their inception and continue to be updated due to new findings through technological and medical advances. It also must be noted that these ar e theories and due to various factors and drawbacks to eachRead MoreThe Biological Theory Of Crime Causation1082 Words   |  5 PagesCrime causation is a complex and daunting field. For centuries, philosophers have pondered the meaning of the concept of cause as it pertains to human behavior. Examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how crime should be handled and prevented. A few of the theories that have emerged and continue to be explored are biological, sociological and psychological theories. While individually and in combination, these theories of crime causation affect human behaviorRead More†Emile Durkheim’s Theory of Crime and Crime Causation†2146 Words   |  9 PagesLaw Criminology and Penology (Law 214) Lecturer: Mr. James MAMBOLEO Topic:†Emile Durkheim’s Theory of Crime and Crime Causation† Dan KASHIRONGE _ 13j01allb043 Abstract The concept of â€Å"crime† has over the ages been subject to various definitions as the society tries to address it. Criminology is thus the study of crime and crime causation. It concerns itself with understanding the deep essence of crime as an act or omission, and all the reasons behind its occurrence. In this pursuit, criminologyRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation Essay example1589 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Theories of Crime Causation Robert Lincoln CJ 102-02 Kaplan University August 4, 2013 Major Theories of Crime Causation Various units contain a number of theories that try to explain the causes of crime in the society. The theories have been developed to have an in-depth understanding of the crime and how best they can be addressed to ensure that humans live in a conducive environment. These units and theories have been around and in use from as early as the twentieth century. OverRead MoreEssay on Theories of Causation of Crime and Its Solution 1250 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of criminal theory, spiritual and natural theories are taken as major theories of causation of crime. During medieval period, spiritual explanations were taken as punishment given by god for doing wrong things and any natural disasters like flood, fires, etc were evaluated as curse of high power. In modern period, the basic theories of causation of crime are classical theory, biological theory, psychological theory, cultural theory and conflict theory. The classical theory explains that freeRead MoreSociological and Psy chological Theories of Crime Causation1978 Words   |  8 PagesSociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation The aim of this essay is to compare, contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation. Sociological Theories of crime, Labelling and Structural Functionalism/ Strain. Howard Becker is a sociologist that is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth centuryRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory1377 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Theories of Crime Causation: Trait Theory and Rational Choice Theory Introduction Theories of crime causation get to the fundamental characteristics of human nature. Theories of crime causation can be separated into trait theories and choice theories. Both types of theories make valid points about the causes of crime, yet they are have different implications for preventing the causes of crime. Thesis: Trait theories and choice theories both assume that humans are self-interested, but their conceptionsRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Criminology901 Words   |  4 PagesChoice theory was born out of the perspective of crime causation which states that criminality is the result of conscious choice. This theory is also known as the rational choice theory. According to this theory, the choice whether or not to commit a criminal act is the result of a rational thought process that weighs the risks of paying the costs of committing a crime, against the benefits obtained. In other words, if the benefits--monetary or otherwise--outweigh the risks of sustaining the costs

Ibsens A Dolls House being Dated Essay - 1091 Words

Ibsens A Dolls House being Dated To answer the above, one needs to be aware of when the drama was first written (1879) and how audiences were shocked at Ibsens radical perception of the social roles of husband and wife in middle class society at that time. The role of middle class women at that time was simple, they bore children and kept house in a very clear manner, albeit with the aid of a housekeeper or maid. They were subservient to men and were considered accoutrements and playthings. This comes across very strongly in the manner that Torvald Helmer addresses Nora. The main thrust of the play has a lot to do with gender relations in modern society. It offers us, in the actions of Nora, a strengthening of the†¦show more content†¦Many of the cherished ideals of middle class life need to be on display. If they are not, then one assumes you to be not of the right class. Such people, outsiders, lead desperate lives and this is clearly defined in the aspect of Krogstadt and Mrs Linde. Contrary to the Helmers apparent health, Ibsen colours these two as downtrodden who have prematurely aged. In fact, Nora has difficulty recognising Mrs Linde when she arrives at the house. We learn that Kristine has been widowed and is struggling. Krogstadt too is struggling. Kristine remarks how he has changed. Nora explains that he was married but, is now a widower with lots of children He remarks to Kristine about andindiscretion and how every opening back into respectability is barred. He considers his job at the Bank to be his first step on the ladder back into respectability. One has to ask, how is this different from today. The other testimony to take into consideration is that of Dr Rank. He is by any measure, successful, rich and well respected. Ibsen, cleverly describes his exterior as such and yet we find that he is dying from an incurable disease that does not affect this exterior, but slowly eats away from the inside. Torvalds attitude on learning of the impending death of Rank is dismissive even though we assume them to be friends. In the case of Torvald, it is easy to dismiss him as a fool because he seems to be unaware of Noras indiscretions. I take him to beShow MoreRelated Comparing the Portrayal of Women in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler1757 Words   |  8 PagesPortrayal of Women in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The extent to which Ibsen directly sympathized with feminists is still debated, but this is somewhat irrelevant when considering his portrayal of women. Ibsen had a deep understanding of the nature of women and a strong interest in the manner in which women were treated by society. This resulted in the creation of female protagonists such as Nora Helmer, in A Dolls House, and Hedda Gabler, in a work of the same name. The characterRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdancing, and taking care of the household. They were deterred from being too educated because it was considered unfeminine. Once they find and marry their husband, women would stay home, raise the children, and look after the home. Nora, the main character of A Doll’s House is expected to be a perfect wife and mother. She goes against these expectations and harbors a secret that could change her life for the better. In A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen uses Noraâ€⠄¢s secret to give her agency that women duringRead MoreReflective Statement : A Doll s House1786 Words   |  8 PagesReflective Statement: A Doll’s House Before the interactive orals I did not quite understand why it was such a huge deal that a women left her husband. In today’s world that is normal not to really be thought of as a big deal. So when I learned that the play was boycotted and not viewed in certain places because of the last scene I didn’t understand why. The interactive orals helped me realize exactly why people acted the way they did. During that time period women were not allowed to do anythingRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The SubjectionRead MoreEvolution or Revolution - Recurring ideas in Ibsen, ONeill and Shepard3024 Words   |  13 Pagesdrama, this is illustrated through the influence of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen on American playwright Eugene ONeill. ONeill once wrote, quot;Not long ago I read all of Ibsens plays again. The same living truth is there. Only to fools with a superficial eye cocked to detect the incidental can they have anything dated or outworn about them. As dramas revealing the souls of men and women they are as great to-day as they will be a hundred years from now.quot; (Manheim p.24). ONeill and his

Amish Free Essays

Janie Kiester Mini Ethnography on Amish Dinner Instructor, Michelle Stone, PhD Amish/Mennonite Information: Today there are over 12 different Amish and Mennonite groups in the Shipshawana area. They do not permit electricity or telephones in their homes. By restricting access to television, radio, and telephones, the Amish feel they are better able to keep the modern world from intruding into their home life. We will write a custom essay sample on Amish or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Amish have long preferred farming as a way of life. They feel their lifestyle and their families can best be maintained in a rural environment. While they do not permit the use of tractors in their fields, these traditional Amish groups do use modern farm equipment pulled by teams of horses or mules. These traditional Amish groups do not own or operate automobiles, believing that cars would provide easier access to the ways of the world. You often see their horses and buggies on the streets of Shipshawana. These traditional groups wear plain clothing styles, which has earned them the name â€Å"Plain People†. It is the simple, peaceful lifestyle of these plain people that attracts such a curiosity today. Many wonder how these people can survive in their supposedly backward ways. Well, they’re not only surviving – they’re thriving. Since 1960, the Amish population in Shipshewana has almost tripled. Their separation from the rest of society actually helps to strengthen their community. Amish children attend Amish one-room school houses through the eighth grade. Amish worship services are held every other week in one of the member’s homes. Socializing is an important part of Amish life. The Amish have a strong sense of community spirit, and often come to the aid of those in need. Their barn raisings are a good example and neighbors freely give of their time and their skills to help one another. The Amish are generally private people and often find all the attention and curiosity about their lifestyle disturbing. They believe that the taking of photographs where someone is recognizable is forbidden by the Biblical prohibition against making any ‘graven image. With our society’s current interest in restoring ‘family values’, much can be learned from studying the Amish way of life. Their devotion to family and community and their strong work ethic are good examples of a much larger society. I was invited to attend the Amish Dinner in the home of J and B Yoder, of Shipshawana on October 16, 2010, at 6:00pm. Six other people were invited to attend this special dinner and I arrived early so I could observe them as they arrived. The home was completely inviting and decorated in wood furniture and homemade furnishings; anyone would be of comfort. Small Amish children could be found running around, lots of women with aprons carrying food dishes to the eating area, even a dog was barking and running about while all this commotion was happening. I talked to Mrs. Yoder, the wife of Mr. Yoder, who is the head of the household. I asked her many questions about being Amish, living with extend family, and what her culture is like on a day to day basis. She excitingly talked about her family and her ideal culture of being Amish. She went on to talk about the huge amounts of work that has to be done each day and each person residing in the home has their own responsibilities. She named a few of hers, including laundry by hand, bathing the 7 young children, making 12 loafs of bread everyday and the cleaning. She laughed at having 4 ovens and it still isn’t enough for her family. The powerful leaders in her group are definitely the men. Then use the law of consecration and when someone needs help it is done together as a community in the order of need. If a family needs food, housing, transportation, then they give from within. She comments about being born and raised Amish and that she does not know a life outside it. She does enjoy the family unity the culture provides, the sense of well-being and the quiet lifestyle. The first to arrive was the Adam’s Family. There were two adults and two small children. They entered the house with much gratitude and was introduced to Mr. and Mrs. Yoder. The children were brought into the playroom to play with the Amish children. I stood in the doorway to observe the children and noticed the conversation was all about the Amish child’s clothing. A Adams, was asking the sweet Amish boy why he had to wear the same out fit as the other Amish boys and men. He even asked if it was his Halloween costume. It was amazing to me that at the age of 5, Alex knew that the clothing was out of his social norm. He also was well aware that this Amish boy was not of his same social group. The Amish boy was very quiet and did not answer the questions he was asked. He sat quietly and played with a hand made wooden truck. C Adams, the older boy pulled out his Nintendo DS System and started playing with it. The Amish boy asked him if it was a calculator. C Adams, showed the Amish boy the video game system and he watched but never took the offer to play it. Mrs. Adams was in the kitchen trying to help but her attempts were turned down by the sweet Amish women. The next to arrive was a black couple. They were not as out going and gracious as the Adam’s family. They sat at the table and did not get up and look around or offer any assistance to the Amish women. I walked up to this couple and introduced myself to them. They had just moved to the area and was invited to the dinner by friends. They currently had no knowledge or experience with the Amish and were amazed by their lifestyle. They were anxious to try the delicious food they kept hearing all about. They also commented on never knowing anyone who could live life without cars, electricity etc. The black man did ask if there were black Amish families in the area and Mr. Yoder commented that he did not know of any and that he was sure there were African Americans who partake in his same culture. Once the guests were all arrived, they were all invited to gather into the garage area where there were long tables set up for the dinner. Young girls wore cute aprons and were introduced as our servers for the evening. The group was overall very quiet and full of observation. There were a few babies fussing but other then that you heard very little chatter. Mr. and Mrs. Yoder came out and welcomed everyone formally and asked to say a blessing on the food. This was definitely part of their beliefs and everyone took the gesture kindly. We then sat as the young Amish girls brought platters and platters of food to our tables. Huge amounts of fried chicken, chicken and noodles, mashed potatoes, lots of different vegetables, white turkey and ham were available to enjoy. Everyone ate and kept to themselves. The Amish girls were busy running back and forth with new platters of food and pitchers full of fresh lemonade. There was no entertainment of any kind and we very seldom saw the hostesses. It would have been nice if they were around to answer questions or to offer information about their culture to the invited guests. After the main course was cleared and everyone was full with a joyous amount of food, they brought out the pie. There was lots of cheering and excitement. We were allowed 2 pieces and there was about 10 different choices. My husband and I chose 4 different choices and nibbled at each of them. The Amish are definitely known for their delicious pies and bakery items. As the guests slowly left as they finished their deserts. I watched and only a few took their dirty dishes into the kitchen. Those that did, took the time to thank the Yoder family for this special occasion. A couple of the young Amish boys then took a few of the men on a tour of the property. The Amish are definitely a rare social institution of its own. They go against the world and live life like they did a million years ago and survive. No cell phones, no internet, no cars, no electricity, no gasoline, etc. These strict values make the outsider curious of such institution. I heard people say many times, â€Å"I could never live like this, how do they do it? † How do they do it? Many of them don’t know anything different and therefore make it much easier to go without something that you never had to begin with. The Amish are a religious group, they are sweet and full of God’s spirit. The are a kind people, a family orientated people. They are selfless, always doing service for someone else. I can’t help but think what our society would be like with instilled and encouraged amazing values and beliefs. One can still have electricity and be kind, love their families and do selfless acts of service right? I feel that our society would be so much better if somehow we could follow some of the Amish’s examples. We all have our own norms, our own religions and beliefs. Watching teenagers text nonstop is something that I fear is a glimpse of our future. Can we survive without materialistic things like a cell phone? How could a teenager’s time be spent if he/she weren’t loathing in high school gossip 24/7? As an entire society we will never be able to instil such values but within our families and primary groups we can. As parents I feel that we have a huge responsibility and teaching our children high standards and values is of the utmost importance. What would our society be like if teenagers spent the same amount of time studying as they did texting? Amazing! We would have rocket scientists everywhere! Writing this paper gave me some great experience going out of my social comfort zone. I found, however, that it makes a group more likely to socialize if someone opens up first and introduces themselves. It breaks the ice and was much easier then I had thought it would be. I feel my next social event will go better now that I have experienced going out of my comfort zone and introducing myself to strangers first. How to cite Amish, Essay examples

Journal Of Economics Commerce Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Economics Commerce Management? Answer: Introduction This report is composed with the end goal of leading an examination on the Accounting Information System (AIS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) frameworks. The business report has been set up for a banking organization, in order to understand various business processes conducted by a bank, the necessities of the procedures of their business, the use of ERP framework in such an institute and the effect of execution of this framework on the productivity of the business forms (Matengu Swami, 2011). On the completion of the examination of business and its procedures, this investigation plans to suggest an AIS/ERP framework for them, investigating the conceivable security dangers related with their application and the approaches to combat these dangers (Ali, et al., 2016). Business process The business procedure of any association can be comprehended with the assistance of the functions that they undertake. The functions performed by any bank can be majorly categorized into primary functions and secondary functions. The essential keeping money capacities are additionally ordered into two classes, these handling savings accounts, current accounts, recurring deposits and fixed deposits. The primary functions, also include the lending of grants and advances in the form of cash and credit, loans, overdraft and bills (MIT Press, 2012). The non-banking elements of a financial banking institute can also be put into two different categories, namely; agency functions and utility functions. The tasks in which the bank acts as an agent for its client and gets the work done for them and provides relevant services are known as the agency functions of the bank. The facilities given by the banks as an agent include an exchange of money, gathering of cheques, periodic payments, portfo lio administration, occasional accumulations and so forth. Aside from the office capacities, banks additionally go about as trustees, agents, consultants and overseers for their clients chipping away at the sake of their customers as the above establishments. They are the connection that the clients have and give them services that include dealing with different banks and monetary organizations. The general utility capacities that the banks perform are issuing of drafts, letter of credits, locker office, guaranteeing of the offers, managing remote trade and cash trade, venture report, social welfare programs and so on (Akrani, 2011). Business requirements The banks give administrations to the clients that empower them to pull back and store money, make request and make payments helpfully. The framework of the banking organization should be refreshed in order to provide updated opportunities to the clients and the partners and provide them with the latest figures and facts. The data given should additionally be precise and accessible consistently. The approach of data innovation in the managing a banking business framework has made it more portable, client well disposed and enhanced the nature of the administration being given to them. This has been made conceivable by the presentation of Accounting Information System, otherwise called digital banking. The presentation of innovation has additionally made it workable for the banks to scatter convenient and precise data identified with the treasury administration and data frameworks (Mwenje, 2013). The revolution of innovation has expanded the aggressiveness of these banking and financia l organizations and changed the way they build up their items and administrations. The globalization of the considerable number of business sectors has additionally expanded the need and weight on the banks to acquaint propelled innovation frameworks with accelerate the basic leadership process and to agree to the changing monetary supervision necessities. Systems requirements It has been witnessed that the banks are progressively receiving the ERP frameworks to digitize their working and strategies. The banks and monetary foundations utilize these frameworks with normal demands particular to their profession. They require a product that aids in disentangling their operations and conquering the difficulties confronted by them. The framework should be incorporated with huge information advancements to deal with the banking information that is unpredictable and voluminous (Venkatraman Fahd, 2016). The innovations should be progressed to guarantee the wellbeing and security of the information and the data put away. Moreover, the information must be scrambled and put away to keep any breaks, misusing and abuse of the secret data identified with the managing of bank and monetary organizations and their clients. The huge system of branches that the banks have should stay very much associated constantly. The product must have the capacity to coordinate the infor mation, perform complex asset arranging and synchronize the different elements of administration that the saving money foundation constitutes of like back, advertising, HR, operations and so forth. The product must guarantee the mystery of the data while following all the endorsed principles and controls set down for such establishments. The ERP arrangement prescribed for a bank would along these lines be a one stop answer for the greater part of the above requirements, making their procedures speedier, more precise and effective. Software and vendor selection There are various accessible options for the product to be chosen for dealing with the ERP and AIS of a keeping money organization. Some most regular alternatives accessible for the same are SAP, Oracle EBS, Corniche, EBANQ, Moneyman and Cashbook. While each of the previously mentioned programming can deal with all the banking related operations and offer help to every one of the operations of the association, the German ERP outlining firm SAP gives the best administrations. They have a client driven programming that makes utilization of the 360 degree client perspective. Their product assists with the streamlining of the keeping money operations and assists with the computerization of procedures. They additionally help in the mix of the monetary and operational elements of administration and help in the consistence with the standards. This product is additionally favored as it diminishes operational expenses of the association and decreases the many-sided quality of the undertakings to be performed. It additionally helps the banks in improving and furnishing the clients with best in class benefits that eventually help in expanding the gainfulness of the bank too (Fub, et al., 2007). Ways to utilize technology for business efficiency The bank utilizes an approach which best suites its business needs and operations, since the managing an account frameworks make utilization of the considerable number of modules of ERP. Accordingly, it needs to search for a technique that will incorporate the business exercises. Associations that are aggressive and enormous utilize thorough way to deal with execute ERP framework. It is irregular for association to execute all modules in the meantime, however a few associations will go out on a limb. By embracing this approach association can spare cost, limit the time taken to finish a business procedure, encourage everyday working and basic leadership. Be that as it may; a few assets must be apportioned, the usage cost and time are practical and not high but rather loaded with a high hazard and vulnerability. The pilot execution approach includes actualizing the total ERP framework at a chose site, branch or area of an association. The heritage framework keeps on working in the association, resulting to the accomplishment of the ERP framework at the pilot site; it is executed in the exceptional branches or areas of the association, ordinarily utilizing direct exhaustive usage approach. The danger of framework disappointment is diminished by utilizing a pilot execution approach since it will go about as a testing strategy of the ERP framework. The Pilot usage approach is costly contrasted with the extensive ERP execution approach and furthermore protect authoritative information with even operation. The banks use the innovation and the progressed ERP frameworks for the advantage of both their association's operations and to give better administrations to the clients. Some courses in which they can do that are customer engagement, smarter ways of selling, digital money keeping and wider audience coverage. The client engagement level of the banks has expanded complex with the presentation of innovation and appropriation of the propelled frameworks by the banks and other money related organizations. This has expanded the consumer loyalty level and the profitability of the association. The banks can offer custom items and administrations, according to the necessities of the clients. This has just been made conceivable by the presentation of the innovation and upgraded client centricity because of this. The advanced accessibility of banking administrations has made it simpler for the clients to profit these administrations according to their benefit. The clients would now be able to get to their financial balances whenever from wherever and perform essential assignments like exchange cash, check adjusts and so on. This has likewise lessened the weight on the banks and has decreased their costs on human capital. The quantity of individuals benefiting the administrations of the banks has progressively turned out to be borderless without breaking a sweat of access. The banks can serve their clients whenever and at any area. This has expanded the roads for the saving money establishments and made them more decentralized than they were ever some time recently. Efficiency from technology implementation The ERP technology has helped the banks to attain operational efficiency and innovation without any doubt. The selection of innovative propelled frameworks has helped the banks in expanding their offerings and widening their client base. The time taken by them for putting away, handling and getting to the data has likewise decreased to a small amount of what it used to be the point at which the operations were done physically. The banks have turned out to be progressively reliant on these frameworks and the innovation for data administration (Tally Solutions Pvt. Ltd., 2013). The data sharing time has additionally descended impressively and the managing an account frameworks are currently more able and coordinated than any time in recent memory. The mechanically propelled frameworks help in better and more proficient key administration and help in molding and situating of the banks in the market. They are a vital device that assistance in guaranteeing an upper hand for the banks. Potential security risks The normal causes for ERP usage disappointments in any association are pretty much because of the powerlessness hierarchical structure and administration which are basic business issues in the execution. In a review directed by Shari S. C. Shang and Tsung-Lin Wu (2004) it is demonstrated that 62% of the ERP framework usage flops because of the insufficient audit of the causative specialist for the disappointment the same number of inquires about concentrate on its vital advantage, preferences as opposed to distinguishing the intention behind its failure after execution (Ramco, 2012). A portion of the significant explanations behind the disappointment of this strategy are incorrect information, non-similarity of the product, exit of underwriters, long haul back and ineffectual counsel. With the presentation of innovation in the banking frameworks, their working has turned out to be more productive and compelling. Be that as it may, the expanded network and straightforward entry to the information has additionally caused a disturbing increment in the danger and dangers. The banks and other budgetary foundations take all measures to stick to the security consistence and screen the information for any breaks or security rupture; however the expanded availability makes various dangers the security of the information. The mechanical progressions likewise result in absence of responsibility from the workers. The representative's imprudence can prompt a danger of information burglary and risk to data security of the association. This additionally leaves the managing an account organizations powerless. In this way, they have to guarantee that appropriate safety efforts are taken so as to keep the framework up and running and safe for us to win the trust of the clients (Hsu ing Mishra, 2012). There are extra dangers of presentation of malware, infection or the most recent risk as payoff product. Another colossal hazard that the banks confront because of digitization is that there is no manual record accessible of the exchanges, account data and other bank related information. The loss of a server or a potential assault that causes information misfortune can be undermining to the operations of a banking organization. Subsequently, the innovation has albeit made the operations more advantageous and effective; the dangers and potential dangers related with their application are additionally not less. Since money related information is a standout amongst the most engaging focuses for programmers, foundations managing principally in fund need to stay additional watchful about digital security. The banks must take extra measures to keep up the wellbeing and security of the information and the procedures to keep any such harm from happening. Mitigation strategies To help the banks and other monetary foundations to plan for and alleviate the potential dangers related with the presentation of innovation in their operations by means of ERP and AIS frameworks, there are a couple of steps that can be taken. The first and the most critical stride to be taken for avoiding an information security rupture is information encryption. Delicate information and data ought to dependably be scrambled to avert abuses of it, by the programmers. The record names, numbers, addresses, and other record related client data must be scrambled by the banks. An all encompassing methodology must be embraced for data security. The exercises of the framework and the general population must be observed and a record must be kept up of the same. Any suspicious action must be quickly announced and tended to before it disturbs and makes an issue. The banking establishments can likewise build up their own particular arrangement for digital security. This must be conveyed to the workers and ought to be clear and unambiguous (Grande, et al., 2011). The frameworks must be tried frequently and refreshed to stay aware of the most recent innovative patterns. The information must be moved down all the time and the potential security dangers must be routinely surveyed and dealt with. The indirect accesses must be recognized right off the bat and the frameworks must set up firewalls to limit the information activity from questionable sources. The workers must be instructed and made mindful of the dangers and how to deal with circumstances including dangers or potential dangers. These are a portion of the routes in which the banks and money related establishments can create plans for recognizing, keeping and recouping from the assaults on the wellbeing and security of data on the web. Conclusion The business report has been set up for a banking establishment, in order to understand their business forms, prerequisites of the procedures of business and the framework and the effect of execution of such a framework on the effectiveness of the business forms. Through this examination, we have suggested an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) framework to streamline their business procedures and make their framework more productive. The coming of data innovation in the managing an account framework has made it more portable, client agreeable and enhanced the nature of the administration being given to them. This has been made conceivable by the presentation of Accounting Information System, otherwise called electronic keeping money. The presentation of innovation has likewise made it feasible for the banks to disseminate opportune and precise data identified with the treasury administration and data frameworks. It has been watched that the banks are progressively embracing the ERP f rameworks to digitize their working and methodology. The banks and money related establishments utilize these frameworks with run of the mill orders particular to their profession. The German ERP outlining firm SAP gives the best framework answer for handling all the keeping money related operations and offer help to every one of the operations of the association. The expanded network and straightforward entry to the information has additionally caused a disturbing increment in the danger and dangers. The banks and other money related foundations take all measures to hold fast to the security consistence and screen the information for any holes or security break; however the expanded network makes various dangers the security of the information. This report closes with proposing approaches to relieve the dangers related with the presentation of innovation in the managing an account frameworks. References Akrani, G. (2011). Functions of Banks - Important Banking Functions and Services. Retrieved from https://kalyan-city.blogspot.in/2011/04/functions-of-banks-important-banking.html Ali, B., Omar, W., Bakar, R. (2016). Accounting Information System (Ais) And Organizational Performance: Moderating Effect Of Organizational Culture. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(4), 1-21. Retrieved from https://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/447.pdf Fub, C., Strahringer, S., Schiereck, D. (2007). ERP Usage in Banking: An Exploratory Survey of the World's Largest Banks. Information Systems Management, 24(2), 155-171. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10580530701221056?journalCode=uism20 Grande, E., Estbanez, R., Colomina, C. (2011). The impact of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) on performance measures: empirical evidence in Spanish SMEs. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 11, 25 - 43. Retrieved from https://uhu.es/ijdar/10.4192/1577-8517-v11_2.pdf Hsuing, R., Mishra, M. (2012). The Road to a Smooth ERP Integration: For Corporate Clients. Retrieved from https://www.citibank.ro/transactionservices/home/about_us/articles/docs/erp_integration_0811.pdf Matengu, K., Swami, B. (2011). Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Accounting Systems: A Case Study. International Journal of Management Business Studies, 1(3), 21-27. Retrieved from https://www.ijmbs.com/13/bnswami.pdf MIT Press. (2012). Information Systems: Introduction and Concepts. Retrieved from https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/content/9780262015387_sch_0001.pdf Mwenje, A. (2013). Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Implementation Strategies In Commercial Banks In Kenya. Retrieved from https://chss.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/chss/ENTERPRISE%20RESOURCE%20PLANNING%20SYSTEMS%20IMPLEMENTATION%20IN%20COMMERCIAL%20BANKS%20IN%20KENYA.pdf Ramco. (2012). Banking on business intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.ramco.com/downloads/WPR-Banking-On-BI.pdf Tally Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (2013). Tally Banking. Retrieved from https://mirror.tallysolutions.com/Downloads/TallyTips/TallyBankingKnowMoreVer4%20001.pdf Venkatraman, S., Fahd, K. (2016). Challenges and Success Factors of ERP Systems in Australian SMEs. pp. 1-18. Akrani, G., 2011. Functions of Banks - Important Banking Functions and Services, Available at: https://kalyan-city.blogspot.in/2011/04/functions-of-banks-important-banking.html Ali, B., Omar, W. Bakar, R., 2016. Accounting Information System (Ais) And Organizational Performance: Moderating Effect Of Organizational Culture. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(4), pp. 1-21. Fub, C., Strahringer, S. Schiereck, D., 2007. ERP Usage in Banking: An Exploratory Survey of the World's Largest Banks. Information Systems Management, 24(2), pp. 155-171. Grande, E., Estbanez, R. Colomina, C., 2011. The impact of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) on performance measures: empirical evidence in Spanish SMEs. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, Volume 11, pp. 25 - 43. Hsuing, R. Mishra, M., 2012. The Road to a Smooth ERP Integration: For Corporate Clients, Available at:https://www.citibank.ro/transactionservices/home/about_us/articles/docs/erp_integration_0811.pdf Matengu, K. Swami, B., 2011. Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Accounting Systems: A Case Study. International Journal of Management Business Studies, 1(3), pp. 21-27. MIT Press, 2012. Information Systems: Introduction and Concepts, Available at: https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/content/9780262015387_sch_0001.pdf Mwenje, A., 2013. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Implementation Strategies In Commercial Banks In Kenya, Available at: https://chss.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/chss/ENTERPRISE%20RESOURCE%20PLANNING%20SYSTEMS%20IMPLEMENTATION%20IN%20COMMERCIAL%20BANKS%20IN%20KENYA.pdf Ramco, 2012. Banking on business intelligence, Available at: https://www.ramco.com/downloads/WPR-Banking-On-BI.pdf Tally Solutions Pvt. Ltd., 2013. Tally Banking, Available at: https://mirror.tallysolutions.com/Downloads/TallyTips/TallyBankingKnowMoreVer4%20001.pdf Venkatraman, S. Fahd, K., 2016. Challenges and Success Factors of ERP Systems in Australian SMEs. pp. 1-18.

Ancient Olympics Origins and History

Ancient Olympics Origins and History Like so much of ancient history, the origins of the Olympic Games held in Olympia, a district in Southern Greece,  are shrouded in myth and legend.  The Greeks dated events from the first Olympiad (the four-year period between games) in 776 B.C.- two decades before the  legendary founding of Rome, so the founding of Rome can be dated Ol. 6.3 or the third year of the 6th Olympiad, which is 753 B.C.E. The Origins of the Olympic Games Conventionally, the ancient Olympic games began in 776 B.C.E., based on records of stade-length races. The victor of this first Olympic game was Koroibos of Elis, in Southern Greece. However, because the Olympics originated during an era that is not well-documented, the actual date of the first Olympics is disputed. The origins of the ancient Olympics interested the ancient Greeks, who told conflicting, history-laced, mythological aitia (origin stories). The House of Atreus Theory One Olympic origins story is connected with one of the early members of the tragedy-ridden House of Atreus. Pelops won the hand of his bride, Hippodamia, by competing in a chariot race against her father, King Oinomaos (Oenomaus) of Pisa, in Elis. Oinomaos was the son of Ares and the Pleiad Sterope. Pelops, whose shoulder Demeter had once had to replace when she accidentally ate it, conspired to win the race by replacing the kings chariots lynch-pins with ones made of wax. These melted on the course, throwing the king from his chariot and killing him. After Pelops married Hippodamia, he commemorated his victory over Oinomaos by holding the first Olympic Games. These games either expiated his killing or thanked the gods for the victory. According to historian Gregory Nagy, Pindar, in his first Olympian Ode, denies that Pelops served his son to the gods at the infamous feast where Demeter absent-mindedly ate a shoulder chop. Instead, Poseidon abducted Pelops son and repaid Pelops by helping him win that chariot race. The Hercules Theory   Another theory on the  origin of the Olympic games, also from Pindar, in  Olympian X, attributes the Olympic games to the great Greek hero  Hercules  (Hercules or Heracles), who held the games as a thank offering to honor his father,  Zeus,  after Hercules had exacted revenge on King Augeus of Elis. Foolishly, Augeus had defaulted on his promised reward to Hercules for cleansing the stables. The Cronus Theory Pausanias 5.7 says the Olympic origins lie in Zeus victory over Cronus. The following passage elaborates this and also explains musical elements in the ancient Olympics. [5.7.10] Now some say that Zeus wrestled here with Cronus himself for the throne, while others say that he held the games in honor of his victory over Cronus. The record of victors include Apollo, who outran Hermes and beat Ares at boxing. It is for this reason, they say, that the Pythian flute-song is played while the competitors in the pentathlum are jumping; for the flute-song is sacred to Apollo, and Apollo won Olympic victories. A common thread of the stories about the origins of the Olympic games is that the games were instituted following a personal or competitive victory and were intended to honor the gods. When Did the Games Stop? The games lasted for about 10 centuries. In  391 C.E. the  Emperor Theodosius I  ended the games. Earthquakes in 522 and 526 and natural disasters, Theodosius II, Slav invaders, Venetians, and Turks all contributed to destroying the monuments at the site. Frequency of the Games The Ancient Greeks held the Olympics every four  years starting near the summer solstice. This four-year period was known as an Olympiad and was used as a reference point for dating events throughout Greece. Greek poleis (city-states) had their own calendars, with different names for the months, so the Olympiad provided a measure of uniformity. Pausanias, travel writer of the second century A.D, writes about the impossible chronology of a victory in an early footrace by reference to the relevant Olympiads: [6.3.8] The statue of Oebotas was set up by the Achaeans by the command of the Delphic Apollo in the eightieth Olympiad [433 B.C.], but Oebotas won his victory in the footrace at the sixth Festival [749 B.C.]. How, therefore, could Oebotas have taken part in the Greek victory at Plataea [479 B.C.]? A Religious Occasion The Olympics were a religious event for the Greeks. A temple on the site of Olympia, which was dedicated to Zeus, held a gold and ivory statue of the king of the gods. By the greatest Greek sculptor, Pheidias, it stood 42-feet high and was one of the seven  wonders of the Ancient World. The Rewards of Victory Representatives of each polis (city-state) could attend the ancient Olympics and hope to win a victory that would confer great personal and civic honor. So great was the honor that cities considered Olympic victors to be heroes and sometimes fed them for the rest of their lives. The festivals were also important religious occasions and the site was more a sanctuary to Zeus than a city proper. In addition to competitors and their trainers, poets, who wrote victory odes for the winners, attended the games. An Olympic victor was crowned with an olive wreath (laurel wreath was the award for another set of  Panhellenic games, the Pythian games at Delphi) and had his name inscribed in the official Olympic records. Some victors were fed for the rest of their lives by their city-states (poleis), although they were never actually paid. They were considered heroes who conferred honor upon their hometowns. It was  sacrilege to commit a crime, including accepting payment, corruption, and invasion during the games. According to Emeritus Classics Professor Matthew Wiencke, when a cheating competitor was caught, he was disqualified. In addition, the cheating athlete, his trainer, and possibly his city-state were fined- heavily. Participants Potential participants in the Olympics included all free Greek men, except certain felons, and barbarians, during the Classical Period. By the Hellenistic Period, professional athletes competed. The Olympic games were male-dominated. Married women were not allowed to enter the stadium during the games and might be killed if they tried. A priestess of Demeter was present, however, and tere may have been a separate race for women at Olympia. Main Sports The ancient Olympic sporting events were: BoxingDiscus (part of Pentathlon)Equestrian EventsJavelin (part of Pentathlon)JumpingPankrationPentathlonRunningWrestling Some events, like mule-cart racing, loosely, a part of the equestrian events, were added and then not too much later, removed: [5.9.1] IX. Certain contests, too, have been dropped at Olympia, the Eleans resolving to discontinue them. The pentathlum for boys was instituted at the thirty-eighth Festival; but after Eutelidas of Lace-daemon had received the wild olive for it, the Eleans disapproved of boys entering for this competition. The races for mule-carts, and the trotting-race, were instituted respectively at the seventieth Festival and the seventy-first, but were both abolished by proclamation at the eighty-fourth. When they were first instituted, Thersius of Thessaly won the race for mule-carts, while Pataecus, an Achaean from Dyme, won the trotting-race.Pausanias - Jones translation 2d cen

Civil Rights Movement Essay

Civil Rights Movement Essay Civil Rights Movement Essay Adina Doctor English III Ms. Rodgers April 11, 2014 Reflection Journal #2 1 Please review your Letter of Intent prior to completing this task. Then, evaluate your progress during this work period toward achieving your learning goals and completing the tasks listed in your approved Proposal & Plan. How do you rate your own progress? Why? I rate my own progress a 9 because; I worked really hard and fixed most of my mistakes. I went to learning center and asked for additional help and care. I started eliminating extra activities that caused me to lose focus on my occupation. 2 A powerful personal attribute is resiliency. Please explain an unforeseen obstacle that arose in your Semester Project, or perhaps a mistake that you made. How did you persevere through this obstacle or learn from this mistake? How have your actions demonstrated the personal attribute of resiliency? The mistakes that I’ve made were based on procrastination and things worded wrongly. I wasted too much time on hanging with friends instead of actually at home typing and editing. Misspelled words and unhealthy sentences caused me the most trouble. I learned that if you make a mistake and you want to at least try to fix it; you need to CTRL+ALT+DEL. You need to find some type of control over this mistake, find an alternative to make sure your mind is set, and delete everything that’s causing your mistakes to increase. Making mistakes are common it’s up to you to get up and grow from it. 3 A valuable life skill is maintaining balance. Now that you are close to completing your project (or already done), how did your plan for maintaining balance work? What worked well? What did not? What would you change if you were to do it again? Maintaining balance is very important. My weeks are going to be based on work, homework, research, and editing and my weekends are going to be based on freedom, but if I have to do school work on the weekends then that’s going to be it. Balancing time is important also. I need to start working ahead instead of jamming everything in at the last minute. 4 What have you learned in your Semester Project that relates to the curriculum that you have learned in your past years of education? I believe getting into health and body classes will help me with my career choice such as the study of

University Convineince Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

University Convineince Store - Essay Example The store,  which is planned to be opened in the university campus,  is mainly targeted to provide a convenience to the students residing in the university accommodation and just off campus. The opening of convenience store in the university campus will be of a great deal because the campus is located in  the out strikes of the city  and there is no convenient availability of groceries and other products available to students. The store will be of a great convenience to the student community  and  there is also a high need of such store in the area. The store will provide a hassle free experience of shopping the daily requirement commodities used by the students (Targeting Convenience Store Customers, 2011). The convenient store will also provide utensils like books, pencils, pens and so on, to students in the campus which is in high demand at the campus and which the students found it difficult to manage. Bringing the convenience store will be highly beneficial to the ar ea and students (City of Saint John Citizen Survey - Fall 2010, 2010). Target Market The target market has been identified by analyzing the need of the community at large. The target market needs to be evaluated in order to analyze the targeted customer group. The target market for the convenience store is the main university area and the nearby localities which can approach the store in an easy and convenient manner.  As the campus is located in the out strikes of the city, there is a high inconvenience and hassle faced by the students to meet their day to day requirements (Dunne, Lusch & Carver, 2010). Looking at this factor the target market set for the convenience store are the university campus and nearby areas. There are a large number of students residing in the university... Convenience is the vital factor which is seen by each and every individual around the globe when looking for purchasing the day to day usability items. Convenience store can be said to be as the store which provides a range of products with respect to the day to day usability items like, toiletries, alcoholic, news papers groceries and tobacco products and so on. These stores are opened in the localities which provide convenience to customers to make their purchases in an easy and convenient manner. The report has successfully defined about the convenience store which offers the day to day usability items to the individuals. The report has also discussed the market and customers, which can be targeted by the store for selling their products. The report has discussed that university and hospitals can be targeted for selling the goods. The report has also described that students, staff, patients, local business, tourist, researchers, and athletics can be targeted by the convenience store and can easily increase their sale. Through offering a wide range of goods; the store can enhance its sale and increase its profitability. If the customer based is increased the store can gain reputation or popularity in the near by area and can easily increase its customer along with customer loyalty.

When desigining a buliding , what steps are put in place to protect Assignment

When desigining a buliding , what steps are put in place to protect pulic safety and the environment ( Techical Report) - Assignment Example The research will focus more on the Waikato region of New Zealand. There are authorities that are charged with the safety regulations of building sites one of the groups that are charged with the responsibilities of ensuring safety is the Waikato building consent group. The Waikato building Consent Team support some sort of risk dependent consenting technique, with duties and accountabilities becoming apportioned for the parties relative to their guidance. The Building Control council is responsible for issuing consents to allow for building development in the district, and conducting inspections in order to make sure that building agreement conditions are met and relevant legislation is observed fully. The group works in hand ensuring that building designs are up to standard and the safety requirements are considered in the sites under construction Construction is an ongoing process. Every day there are buildings coming up while the old designs are been replaced by modern designs that improve the physical appearance of a place. With all this construction going on, it is important for a designer to consider public safety and the safety of the environment. There are steps that have been set to guide engineers while they design plans for a building. These steps have been designed to protect pedestrians, workers and anybody who might come near the building site. It is very important for designers to familiarize themselves with the steps that have been put in place for public and environmental safety in the Waikato. This will minimize the risk of accidents in construction and protect the environment. The reason for this study is to find out the does and don’ts of a designer while creating a building design. It also aims to educate the public on the importance of public safety and environmental safety during construction and the design process. Conducting the study was not easy. Several limitations hampered the full realization of the study. The

Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Marketing - Article Example esearch works carried out on the test subjects exposed them to unscented environment (control) versus a scented environment to conclude on the effect of scent on the purchasing behaviour of the consumer. After extensive research, the conclusion drawn was that a scented environment exclusively influences the purchasing behaviour of consumers positively. The differentiation of a product from its competitors is possible through branding which gives the product a personality. Individuals are therefore able to identify the product on personality basis. Research carried out wanted to prove the influence of a brand image on the willingness of the consumer to purchase the product. The difference in brand personalities does not make the consumer perceive a product superior or inferior but the image of the brand is that which affects the consumer behaviour of the product. The test subjects of the research belonging to the same group showed similar attributes in their characters. The researchers urged the managers and marketers of products to rely on their findings so that the consumer behaviours’ are influenced positively during advertisements. In doing so, the producers will have captured the desired target group (consumers) effortlessly. The overexposure of an advertisement not only causes an organization financial stress but also causes a wear out effect on the viewers. The wear in effect on the other hand happens when the viewer cannot consciously recall an advertisement. Overexposure of an advertisement reduces its effectiveness therefore causing a wear out effect subsequently happens. The variation of an advertisement is of importance to the producer or retailer of a product because it emphasizes on the various ways in which the consumer recalls the product. Test subjects exposed to various products for the experiment on brand recognition, brand liking and advert recognition resulted to the following; higher brand recognition when the frequency of advertisement

Paresthesia Case Study: Diagnosis and Management

Paresthesia Case Study: Diagnosis and Management ABSTRACT Parasthesia is defined as a sensory disturbance with clinical manifestations such as burning, prickling, tingling, numbness, itching or any deviation from normal sensation1. Paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve can occur during various dental Procedures like local anesthetic injections, third molar surgery, orthognathic surgery, Ablative surgery, Implants, and endodontics. This case report highlights a commonly occurring and often reported problem of Paresthesia involving the Mental Nerve during endodontic treatment. Most of the previous case reports have used radiographs for the diagnosis and management of these cases. Since the radiographic image is a 2 dimensional image it has its limitation while a 3 dimensional imaging modality like a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides the clinician with additional information which can be critical in the management of cases. The exact 3 dimensional location of the mental foramen in relation to the apex of the concerned tooth ca n be confirmed using CBCT scans, helping make more informed diagnosis and treatment plans. This case was successfully managed using CBCT images for guidance during the root canal treatment. INTRODUCTION Parasthesia is defined as a sensory disturbance with clinical manifestations such as burning, prickling, tingling, numbness, itching or any deviation from normal sensation1. Paresthesia of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve and its branches can occur during various dental Procedures like Local Anesthetic Injections, Third Molar Surgery, Orthognathic Surgery, Ablative Surgery, Implants, and Endodontics2, 3. Damage to vital structures in the head and neck area during dental treatment is always a vexing prospect for the clinician. During Endodontic Treatment precautions have to be taken against this, as there is a possibility of injury to a vital structure with the instruments or chemicals being used and also a chance of depositing infected material with their byproducts from the tooth into these areas causing a subsequent immunological response from the body. Today we are able to use 3 Dimensional imaging to locate and respond to such situations much more precisely than ever before4,5.This case highlights a commonly occurring and often reported problem of Paresthesia involving the Mental Nerve during endodontic treatment6.7 which was managed using a CBCT to offer the patient a predictable treatment. Most of the previous case reports have used OPG’S and Intra oral periapical radiographs for the diagnosis and management of these cases. Since these are 2 dimensional imaging technique s they have their limitations. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is 3 dimensional imaging modality which provides the clinician with additional information which can prove to be critical in the management of such cases. CASE REPORT A 32 Year old female patient was referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry with the chief complaint of a dislodged temporary restoration in a tooth undergoing endodontic treatment at a private dental clinic. Patient gave a history of Root canal treatment having been started 2 weeks back. Clinical Examination revealed an exposed access opening and extreme tenderness to percussion. Radiographic evaluation confirmed the history presented by the patient (Fig 1). A differential diagnosis of Periapical granuloma/ Periapical Abscess was recorded and the patient was advised to complete the Root canal treatment. In the first appointment the access opening was refined under local anaesthesia and the pulp tissue remnants were extirpated using a barbed broach followed by temporistion.The patient was recalled after 4 days for Root canal instrumentation. In the second appointment local anaesthesia was administered and working length determination was done using an apex locator (Propex 2,Dentsply) followed by confirmation with a radiograph (Fig 1). The working length was kept at 0.5mm short of the radiographic length of the tooth and the root canal instrumentation was carried out. Saline and Sodium Hypochlorite were used to copiously irrigate the root canal space and instrumentation was carried out with the Protaper Rotary system. The root canal was dried and the tooth was temporized for obturation in the following visit. On the next visit 7 days later the patient complained of Parasthesia of the lower lip from the date of the previous visit. On examination there was Parasthesia of the left half o f the lower lip and its distribution was consistent with the supply of the mental nerve (Fig 2). A close examination of the IOPA revealed the presence of the mental foramen directly below the apex of the treated premolar indicating possible deleterious effects of the previous procedure causing and periapical inflammation and subsequent damage to the mental nerve. A CBCT was taken to confirm the exact location of the mental foramen. The CBCT images confirmed the extreme close nature of the mental foramen to the apex of the treated premolar (Fig 3, 4). The distance between the apex of the premolar to the mental foramen was measured to be 0.4mm by using the CBCT software. Taking this into account the working length was reset at 1.5 mm short of the radiographic apex. The tooth was then instrumented to the new working length and the canals were irrigated with saline and sodium hypochlorite followed by drying using paper points. The patient was advised that the Parasthesia will gradually disappear and that the lip will regain normal sensation and was scheduled weekly recall appointments. The Parasthesia was still present at the one week recall appointment until the 6th week after which gradual normalization was observed. At end of two months the Parasthesia had completely disappeared and normal sensation had returned. Endodontic treatment was resumed keeping the new working length. The instrumentation was completed and the tooth was obturated using F3 (Protaper Dentsply) size gutta percha for apical fill and Obtura 2 with System B for back fill using continuous wave of condensation techniqueA one week follow up was done to confirm the absence of any recurrence of the Parasthesia following the obturation. Finally the tooth was restored with a No.1 size fiber post (Angelus Brazil) and crown was placed (Fig 5). DISCUSSION Dental radiographic evaluation is a fundamental tool for endodontic diagnosis. Conventional Intraoral Periapical radiographs are routinely employed during endodontic diagnosis to examine the tooth, identify the pathology and plan the treatment. However, a conventional radiograph is a two dimensional image of a three dimensional object and consequently has limitations. Numerous prior studies have demonstrated the effective use of CBCT in the assessment of complex endodontic cases .In cases where location of a vital structure such as the mental foramen or the Mandibular canal are concerned the 3 Dimensional imaging capabilities of a CBCT are invaluable. With CBCT and its advanced 3 D reconstruction software, it is possible precisely orient the teeth under treatment with the adjacent anatomic structures across a multitude of planes to get measurable values of distance, which help with the consequent predictable treatment plan. In situations of close proximity of a nerve to a tooth which is being endodontically treated various possibilities of damage to the nerve exist. Mechanical compression of the nerve, Damage to the nerve due to over instrumentation, Extrusion of necrotic debris and toxic metabolites from the root canal space, overfill or the passage of various endodontic materials (root canal irrigants, sealers, and paraformaldehyde containing pastes) into the vicinity of the nerve or its branches. In the present case the most probable cause of the Parasthesia could have been an acute exacerbation of the Periapical infection due to Extrusion of the necrotic debris from the root canal space into the mental foramen space and/or inadvertent direct mechanical compression of the nerve because of over instrumentation of the tooth during working length determination Direct peripheral nerve injury has been previously classified into three basic types: Neurapraxia, Axonotmesis and Neurotmesis 8. Neurapraxia occurs due to a slight compression of the nerve trunk resulting in a temporary conduction block. Neurapraxia of the inferior alveolar nerve or mental nerve will usually manifest as a Paresthesia or Dysaesthesia of the lip and chin region 9. Axonotmesis refers to the actual degeneration of the afferent fibers as a result of internal/external irritation resulting in anesthesia 10. Neurotmesis is the complete severing of the nerve trunk, resulting in permanent Paresthesia which can only be corrected by microsurgery and has a more guarded prognosis (8-10). The most likely form of injury in the present case seems to be Neurapraxia due to either periapical infection or direct injury by over-instrumentation/inadvertent passage of the root canal irrigant or both. The tooth responded well to conservative treatment, and upon completion of the debridement and disinfection of the root canal, the symptoms of periapical infection subsided and Paresthesia started to diminish. CONCLUSIONS The lower mandibular premolars very frequently are in close approximation to the Mental foramen and the Mandibular canal. The pre-operative radiograph does provide us with a 2 dimensional image but better more accurate location can be obtained using the CBCT whenever possible. Finally the best method to prevent any damage to the Mental Nerve is to locate it.

Temptation in the Fellowship of the Ring Essay -- literary Analysis, J

â€Å"One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them,† (55). The One Ring controls Gollum, Bilbo, Boromir, and Frodo in attempts to return to Sauron, Its Creator, the Lord of the Rings, and the utmost evil present in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novels. But the Ring never achieves Its goal because each character possesses a unique set of skills which resist the evil temptations of the Ring. Gollum is the first victim of the Ring, with no knowledge of Its powers or guidance away from Its control. Bilbo is the second ring bearer, with an almost complete knowledge of the Ring’s power still has difficulty resisting the Ring’s temptation. Gandalf guides Bilbo to constantly resist the evil of the Ring. Boromir never gets his hands on the Ring but craves Its power thinking he can use it for good, ignoring the guidance offered to him at the Council of Elrond. Frodo has the most knowledge and guidance of all the char acters but also seems to have the strongest temptations. J.R.R. Tolkien uses characterization in the Fellowship of the Ring to prove that people without a longing for power resist temptation through knowledge, good habits, and guidance. Gollum cannot resist the Ring’s temptation because he has no knowledge of the Ring and no guidance to form good habits and prevent addiction to the Ring. Gollum, originally, Smà ©agol wanted the Ring because of Its beauty but his friend, Dà ©agol found it first. After Dà ©agol refused to just give the Ring to Smà ©agol because it was his birthday, â€Å"†¦he [Smà ©agol] caught Dà ©agol by the throat and strangled him, because the gold looked so bright and beautiful. Then he put the ring on his finger,† (58). But after he found the Ring, he had no guidance to form good ... ...; and if by life or death I can save you, I will,† (194). Aragorn, also known as Strider, accompanied the hobbits from the Prancing Pony Inn all the way to the Council of Elrond. Gandalf was also a guiding path for Frodo keeping him updated on the evils of the Ring. I CAN’T FIND A QUOTE. But even with all his guidance Frodo still feels temptation from this Ring of power. â€Å"A sudden unreasoning fear of discovery laid hold of Frodo, and he thought of his Ring. He hardly dared to breathe, and yet the desire to get it out of his pocket became so strong that he began slowly to move his hand. He felt that he had only to slip it on, and then he would be safe,† (83). Frodo Baggins with knowledge and guidance was able to make good choices throughout his journey to Mordor in the Fellowship of the Ring because of his knowledge of the Ring and the guidance that surrounded him.