American Civil War Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Civil War - Term Paper Example On the other part, North states were against subjugation. The South needed the new states to be subjection states, yet the North needed such states to be Free states. The southerners favored needed new regions to be allowed the option to decide on whether they would be Free states or slave states as indicated by the state’s rights. The issue of bondage was increased by the North cancelation developments, for example, the Free-state developments of Kansas. The southerners asserted that the central government was precluded by the tenth amendment from meddling with their entitlement to claim property and slaves. The southerners accepted that the US constitution denied the states the option to act autonomously and conclude whether to actualize certain government demonstrations (Arnold and Wiener 19). The appointment of Abraham Lincoln as the President additionally blended the subjugation banter after he affirmed that bondage ought to be nullified. South Carolina withdrew from the Union with other seven states along these lines framing the Confederate States of America (CSA). The common war broke after the severance of South Carolina and other south expresses that made the Confederate Constitution that conceded more self-sufficiency to the states. In February 1861, the south begun holding onto government strongholds and rebuffed the gracefully transports. Lincoln was initiated in March 1861 and pledged to battle withdrawal of the south (Kingseed 41). Fortification Sumter was assaulted in April 1861 and the southern leaders permitted the Union soldiers to leave the post securely. President Lincoln called for armed force chips in and broadcasted a bar of the south along these lines prompting the Bull Run fight in July 21, 1861. The Bull Run was the primary significant fight that was battled at Manassas Junction close to Washington, D.C. The north lost the fight and the soldiers withdrew to the capital. In the fight, Gen McDowell of north drove 30,000 men agains t 22,000 southern soldiers at the end of the day the North lost and Lincoln supplanted McDowell with Gen McClellan. The skirmish of Shiloh was battled in April 1861 in Tennessee whereby the two sides acquired overwhelming setbacks with Gen Grant defeating the southern powers (Kingseed 76). Another critical occasion was the Peninsular Campaign of March-July 1862 that happened in South Virginia whereby Gen McClellan assaulted Richmond through the South, yet accepted cautious strategy as opposed to pressurizing for triumph. In September 1862, the Antietam fight happened in Maryland whereby in excess of 23,000 soldiers from the two sides kicked the bucket with southern soldiers drove by Gen Lee withdrawing to Virginia (Kingseed 88). Around the same time of September 1862, President Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation after the Antietam triumph by guaranteeing that all revolting states would be at last liberated and European countries ought avoid the war as it would sum settli ng on a choice on the issue of servitude (Rees 99). In July 1863, Vicksburg gave up to Gen Grant and all the Mississippi River became leveled out of the Union powers. In March 1864, Gen Grant attacked Richmond in Washington, DC and walked on with the battle despite the fact that he lost 55,000 fighters in Central Virginia subsequent to experiencing Gen Lee soldiers in his walk to Richmond in May 1864. In the Atlanta to Savannah skirmish of September-December 1864, Gen Sherman of Union soldiers demolished the railroad lines, consumed crops and decimated all the structures so as to unsettle the southern soldiers. In January, 1865, the alliance

Transfer Pricing Mining and Manufacturing

Googles Chaos Management Style Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Googles Chaos Management Style - Assignment Example This exploration will start with the explanation that tumult the board is certifiably not another phrasing in the surge of hierarchical change the executives. Directly from its first reference in Tom Peter's old style bit of disarray the executives to the writing till date, the vast majority of the coordinators and supervisors have ordinarily considered disorder the executives as basic to execution improvement and cost decrease. Definite writing investigation on tumult and hierarchical change the executives has clarified three significant characteristics; to be specific, confusion is a metapraxis, an intricate procedure that is neither a procedure or a model however innate in authoritative reality; besides, the hypothesis of personal circumstance or self-propagation is pair with the standards of bedlam, particularly an ethic of network and thirdly, the particular standards of mayhem as ‘connectivity, cognizance, and interdeterminacy’provide down to earth ways to deal wit h â€Å"network multilogue†, a socially intelligent professional workplace with civilities of self-improvement. An intriguing perception with regards to a large portion of the writing on hierarchical administration has been that the factor of disorder is unavoidable and consistently there to remain in business, particularly in this scandalous occasions of extraordinary web attack influencing our lives. The authoritative culture at Google is streamlined, yet intriguing. With a brilliant and decided team, Google Company envelops individuals from varying backgrounds, who communicate in twelve of dialects and mirror the worldwide crowd that they generally serve. The thought is to keep up an open culture wherein everybody can feel good imparting thoughts and insights.

Dingo Digestion Comparison Essay

The Koala is the main warm blooded animal, other than the Greater Glider and Ringtail Possum, which can get by on a careful nutritional plan of eucalyptus leaves. Gum leaves contain just about half water, almost no nitrogen, a lot of fiber and possibly harmful oils. Koalas are found to have molars premolars to truly separate the food. Plants contain cellulose, which must be separated to discharge cell substance after much pounding and granulating. Koalas use microorganisms that live emblematically in their stomach related framework to support them. The breakdown of cellulose happens during an aging procedure in a particular part in the stomach related tract. These structures are found in either the fore-gut or the rear gut of various pieces of the stomach related framework. Dairy animals A cow’s diet is grass which is a calm idle procedure. The principle supplement in plant material is the perplexing sugar cellulose, which must be separated into littler atoms before it very well may be ingested. They have base incisors, top and base molars for biting and pounding. A dairy animals has a stomach with 4 chambers in because of bovines requiring an intricate stomach related framework. A bovine stomach related framework must depend on the action of microorganisms do this. These microorganisms are found in specific maturation chambers in the gut. The procedure is moderate and productive. Cellulose is hard to process making it hard for the creature to get to supplements inside the cell. Dingoes A dingo’s diet is altogether different to a bovine and koalas diet. Dingoes are predators to bunnies, kangaroo’s and rodents. A dingo is a flesh eater in this manner it just eats meat. A dingo’s stomach related framework is short and not as unpredictable as a herbivores because of the way that in the event that they don’t need to process cellulose or devour huge amounts of food since meat has more vitality than plants. End All in all a koala and cows stomach related framework is considerably more mind boggling and long instead of a meat eater; dingo’s stomach related frameworks are quick and not in any manner complex.

Juxtaposing in the play Unity essays

Comparing in the play Unity articles The world was crushed by four years of war in the fall of 1918. Out of nowhere, a bewildering and deadly plague added to the annihilation. The Spanish influenza struck individuals all things considered, and hurriedly continued toward death for its casualties. The plague figured out how to bring home a portion of the repulsions of the war with the fighters. Truth be told, more individuals were slaughtered by the Spanish influenza than had passed on in fight. In the play Unity, Kevin Kerr takes the neurosis of the war and the deadly sickness and compares it with his crude, droll satire. Throughout the years it appears to be almost no has really been expounded on the wide-arriving at hardship of both the war and the Spanish influenza scourge. Kevin Kerrs Unity is subsequently significant. It assists with recovering a slipped by time of Canadian history. Juxtaposition is a significant component in the play Unity by Kevin Kerr. All through the play, apparently unique characteristics are set together. Albeit altogether different, the characteristics cooperate to add a part of veracity to the play. In numerous people groups understanding, there will never be truly joy without some part of setback. What's more, any place distress is available, a period of cheering isn't a long ways behind. Kerr takes this part of the real world and utilizations it to further his potential benefit to keep the substance of Unity exceptionally real and genuine. He additionally consolidates the solid premise of family into his composition. The juxtaposition of parody and catastrophe is likewise apparent in this depiction. Finally, the solidarity of the humble community is significant in the conveyance of the piece. The plays very title, combined with the way that it is likewise the towns name, recommends that understanding would assume an enormous job in the movement of the play. Right off the bat, the juxtaposition adds a part of reality to the play. As right on time as the preamble the peruser is acquainted with this reality. Mary, Sissy, and Beatrice were discussing young men and getting hitched and the troopers getting back, yet abrup... <!

Essay Topics For Guns Germs and Steel

Essay Topics For Guns Germs and SteelYou may have heard that essay topics for guns germs and steel are the most popular subjects being used in college writing workshops. They have become a big hit with students, with many submitting their topic ideas to hundreds of workshops around the country.Gun owners often complain about their loved ones who carry concealed handguns being misunderstood by other people, even though this can be a problem for everybody. The media, movies, books, TV, and even movies have made firearms seem dangerous. It seems almost unavoidable for a gun owner to suffer the ridicule of being called a terrorist or nut job, in a case where you never intended to do anything like that. But if your loved one is armed with a firearm, you might find yourself surprised at what people will actually say.Many gun owners feel that the number one issue when it comes to germs is whether or not there are enough of them around us. There are gun owners who say there aren't enough ger ms around us to bother anyone. That is true for very well-kept homes where they take extra precautions in the kitchen. But how many of us who live in all-around crowded urban environments take more precautions? When you're walking down the street, where there are countless children and others who could carry germs without realizing it, how much will you be willing to take risks?One of the best essay topics for guns germs and steel is the issue of guns being safe. There is some truth to this, but what about the fact that guns are also designed to shoot bullets downrange and right into people? Even if you take special precautions in your own home to keep your gun and ammunition in their most secure places, the odds are still that some people could get them and shoot themselves or someone else. Another consideration with germs is that they spread on contact - especially when you have people coming and going on your property all the time. So essay topics for guns germs and steel can be very related to the issue of how the public feels about guns and the number of germs that are around us. If you write on these topics, you may open up the door to more questions, both for yourself and your loved one. And this is especially true if the person you love also owns guns.The fact that you're writing essay topics for guns germs and steel shows that you care for your loved one, and that is admirable. Your piece should include points you think your loved one would be interested in learning. These could include topics such as the statistics on gun accidents or what is in the magazines these children like to read in.However, essay topics for guns germs and steel should be fair and accurate. For example, don't go around taking a position on the benefits of the legalization of hunting, unless your position is honest and direct. That is what essay topics for guns germs and steel should do, so always be truthful about your subject matter.Essay topics for guns germs and steel can b e very interesting for both you and your loved one, and that's what makes them so popular. Being honest about the facts of your topic will help you to get the proper response from your reader. The more factual the response, the more you have proved your point.

No College Savings How We Paid For College

HomeSurvivePlanNo College Savings? Youre Not AloneThis page may contain affiliate links.Nov 14, 2019Discussing our finances has never been a fun conversation in our house. I guess unless you have an overabundance of income, and you are discussing trips and second home purchases, it never is. So, like many others like us, we just avoided the conversations. And the years moved on†¦ Well, this past summer we took a hard look at where we are financially. We are in our late forties with 3 teenagers. My husband earns a very good income as a surgeon, so one would think we would have plenty of savings for college. Not true! Why We Couldnt Save For College Many factors contributed to our inability to save over the years – most of which were out of our control. Take the simple fact that my husband was in medical school, residency, and fellowships, until he was 35, racking up loans while in school and earning a mere stipend while in the latter half of his training. Add to this the overall decrease in physician salaries, and the cost of childcare that made it difficult for me to find a job that made financial sense, and you have a recipe for a high income bracket family barely scraping by – a common theme in today’s economy. We had done the best with what we had, and what we knew. As each of our 3 kids were born we opened 529 Savings Plans for them and saved as much as we could monthly. But as we realized this summer, our 3 kids are all in high school now and it is just not enough. We knew there were things we could be doing differently, and we knew there were things we could be doing better. We just seemed to always get so caught up in the daily chaos of our lives, that weve stuck with the status quo and havent moved forward. We knew enough to be worried that we would not be able to afford college with the way we were currently saving. We also knew that our income bracket made it virtually impossible for us to qualify for need based financial aid. We felt guilty over the possibility that we were not going to be able to send our 3 kids to college without them amassing large amounts of student loans. We needed help and we hoped we weren’t too late. Dont Be Afraid To Ask For Help Over the years we had reached out for help and advice periodically, but never got too far. It seemed that all the financial advisors we spoke to were mostly interested in investing our extra income. Once they spent time with us, looked at our overall picture, and realized we didn’t have that much extra income for them to play with, they lost interest. We wanted someone to work with us over the long haul. A true financial advisor that would look at our habits, make suggestions, show us where to save, and where to invest. Our idea was that this person would work with us through college and then into retirement helping us remain financially healthy and independent throughout our life. After much searching, we found what we were looking for in our own backyard! A friend of the family recommended a local Financial Advisory Group and we immediately made an appointment. During our initial consultation, our Advisor explained to us that, if hired, the group would provide â€Å"financial advisory and integrated tax services in a fee-only, personal relationship model.† Put simply, for an agreed upon annual fee our financial advisor and his team will work closely with us, developing and implementing a personalized financial plan including college savings, investing, tax planning and preparation, retirement planning, estate planning, and whatever else we determine is necessary. To the friends and family I’ve spoken to, many are initially put off by the annual fee. However, it is important to understand that the fee encompasses tax preparation, all stock and investment handlings, and anything else that is necessary to implement your financial plan annually. For example, this year our Financial Advisor helped us set up a home-based business entity for consulting work my husband and I do. They took care of all filings, dealings with the state and IRS. Once complete, they advised us of the benefits of using this entity for tax benefits and setting up an IRA for retirement planning. Further, the annual fee creates complete objectivity in all investment dealings as there are no charges for individual stock purchases, sales, or transfers. We have been working with our Advisor now for almost 6 months. In that time we have put together a retirement, an education, and a tax plan. Most urgently for us, with college on the horizon, we have put together an education plan that gradually increases the funding of the kids 529s over the years remaining before college. Together we figured out how to draw from our income and other savings and make this happen without jeopardizing other short and long-term goals. For any of you considering how to make the most of your current financial situation, but are too busy or too unsure of how to go about it, I highly recommend finding and working with a fee-based financial planner. Their big picture approach has made us feel good about our financial independence now and for the future.

How to Read a Geologic Map

Health Care Changes and Challenges - 1177 Words

Health Care Changes and Challenges Dindi White HSC490 May 18, 2015 Jennifer Johnson Health Care Changes and Challenges Some people may believe that health care is not changing. However, todays health care system is changing. Today’s advanced technology and growing population have required health care organizations to evolve. Changes in health care can present challenges, and the challenges must be addressed and dealt with accordingly. Today’s health care system is changing. In order for health care to remain a competitive force in today’s business world, it must be aware of the shifts taking place that will affect them. Social media, advancements in technology and awareness of consumer behavior are three shifts currently taking†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There must be a match between the organization’s mission and the resources required to meet the target market requirements† (Eric, 2011, p. 25). Incorporating an effective marketing strategies into a health care organization will present potential challenges. However, a health care organization that understands identifies, and utilizes the appropriate marketing tools increase their chances of success. Current challenges such as the rising cost of health care and insurance coverage have been addressed by health care organizations and the government. Rising health care costs have affected the type of care received. Health care or ganizations have developed programs that support preventive, managed health care. These programs encourage consumers to be proactive and participate in the care provided. By actively involving consumers in their care, healthcare organizations can keep the cost of care at a minimum. Preventive care is the future of health care and the key to keeping health care costs under control. Unnecessary tests, procedures, and medications are no longer ordered. Health care coverage in today’s society is mandatory according to the new laws that govern health care. Prior to the Health Care Reform Act individuals were not required by law to obtain health care coverage. The Health Care Reform Act has enabled consumers to obtain health careShow MoreRelatedChanging The Geography Of Health Care1144 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 7, 2015 Changing the Geography of Health Care President Obama on March 23, 2010 signed one of the biggest reforming acts of our century, the Affordable Care Act or to some refer to it as â€Å"Obama Care†. This was President Obama’s finest moments for some and for others it was believed that it wasn’t great idea to create such a law act. The Affordable Care Act law was created and established to change everything about health care and bring in magnificent reforms. This law was givenRead MoreChanging Health Care Policy Changes1004 Words   |  5 Pageshead: CHANGES IN HEALTH POLICY Changes in Health Policy Terri Obey Kaplan University Unit 6 August 12, 2015 Abstract When contemplating health care policy changes, several economic issues in health care must be considered. These include the financial issues affecting the health sector and have an impact on health policies. Policy makers face unending challenges due to the health sector revenues that are always rising. Another challenge is decreased funding and failure of the health insuranceRead MoreThe Future of US Healthcare System1287 Words   |  5 PagesThe Future of US Health Care System: The American health care system is considered as the most competitive, inefficient, heterogeneous, and advanced care system across the globe. 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Dr. Brooks Works At Two Different Medical Offices ( Mo1...

Dr. Brooks works at two different medical offices (MO1 and MO2). He demands to have access to patient information from both locations at any time. He wants to use his personal laptop to access the EHR and resources for both offices. Solution 1 Set Dr. Brooks up with a network account under each active directory domain: have him log in to whichever one he needs access to at the time. Although he may be physically working from MO1, he will likely still need to access resources from MO2 and vice versa. This solution would involve creation of trust relationships between domains in the MO forest. The administrator will create a transitive trust between MO1 and MO2.The MO1 where Dr.Brooks sits would be the parent domain and the MO2 will be the child domain in the MO active directory forest. The MO2 will automatically share resources with MO1 domain by default with authenticated users in both domains. Dr. Brook will thus be able to access resources from both MO1 and MO2 medical offices. This solution set up eradicates the hardware dependence as Dr.Brooks can log in from a different laptop or desktop in the network. Depending on the access controls assigned on him by the trusting domain he can access folders, files and virtual containers. An authentication authority is responsible for the computer and user identity verification. An information security benchmark model (CIA) an acronym for information Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability can be used to evaluate the solution

Business Accounting Sense Principal of Prudence Demand

Question: Describe about the Business Accounting Sense for Principal of Prudence Demand. Answer: a.) The word prudence means exercise of caution and good wise judgement. In the accounting sense it also means the same and the principal of prudence demands the makers of financial statements to exercise caution and wise judgement while preparing the financial statements. Hence under the concept one must not overstate the amount of revenues and neither understated the amount of expenses. In a way prudence demands makers of financial statements to be conservative. Another aspect of prudence can be that a maker of financial statement records only certain revenues and probable liabilities. Also assets are reviewed at regular intervals to see if their value has diminished and liabilities reviewed to see if their value has increased. (Hariman, 2010) One can also say that prudence aims to prepare the financial statements in such a way that the users of financial statements dont get any misleading information and are prepared for the worst. Although the prudence concepts aim is never to state the worst possible scenario but it is more inclined towards a pessimistic scenario in the sense that it overestimates liabilities and underestimates assets. In that sense it would be important to note that even understating revenues can have a negative effect and hence neutrality must be aimed for together with prudence in financial reporting.(Cooper, 2015) Prudence would normally be exercised in setting up, for example, an allowance for doubtful accounts or a reserve for obsolete inventory. In both cases, a specific item that will cause an expense has not yet been identified, but a prudent person would record a reserve in anticipation of a reasonable amount of these expenses arising at some point in the future. b.) Prudence is indeed very important in financial reporting as it goes hand in hand with another of accountings main principles of conservatism. Reporting assets at the lower value and liabilities at the higher value might reduce the profitability ratios and the efficiency ratios but they dont give a distorted picture to the shareholders which may be misleading and lead to wrong decision making. Consider this suppose a company knows that 4% of its accounts receivables are bad debts but they dont report it. Their current assets figure would be inflated to that extent and their profitability ratios would be higher but that would be actually notional. If we were to talk about the accounting standards and prudence, GAAP (generally Accepted Accounting Principles) has incorporated prudence in most of its standards. An example is many standards required to devalue the fixed assets when their market values fall below their book values but the reverse isnt true. On the other hand, IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) dont adhere to it as strictly.(Kakabadse Kakabadse, 2005)The International Accounting Standards Board(IASB) differentiates between cautious prudence and asymmetric prudence. While the former refers to exercising caution under uncertain conditions the latter which is considered by most to be the essence of prudence is waived off. It would be important to note that while prudence aims to eliminate biases from financial reporting, ultimately it should not be used to understate the reliability of financial reports. c.) Telstra is a leading Australian Companies which provides telecommunication and media based services to Australian subscribers. Over the years through various mergers and takeovers its structure is now very complex where the use of proper accounting principles becomes imperative to be faithful to all the stakeholder groups. While valuing inventories Telstra has used prudence as evident from the fact that inventory has been valued using different methods. As per note 11 to financial statements in their annual report inventory valuation is divided into two groups. Firstly 234 million AUD of finished goods are recorded at cost whereas 77 million AUD worth of inventory are recorded at net realisable value. Further 40 million of raw materials and store items are recorded at cost.(Telstra, 2015) This is an evident display of prudence in accounting and reporting practises. Should they have valued the entire inventory at market price their current assets would have presented an inflated f igure which is against a core principle of prudence which requires to inventory to be valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value.(Onoja, 2015) Through the usage of horses for courses policy for valuing inventories Telstra has displayed ample prudence in their accounting practices. In the current assets section of their balance there is an entry of Noncurrent assets held for sale and discontinued operations. As per note 12 to financial statements in their annual report it is clear they have displayed prudence here. There are two example to make it abundantly clear. Telstra has classified the assets and liabilities of the Sentis Group as held for Sale. They estimated their share of 30 percent to be worth 157 million AUD as the sale price of Sentis was 454 million AUD. However, upon re measurement of assets and liabilities they impaired the goodwill of Sentis group by 150 million AUD and identified it as a loss for the year under the section discontinued operations, the impairment of goodwill is clearly an example where Telstra displayed prudence.(Telstra, 2015) Secondly in July 2014 they decided and thereafter signed papers to sell off their whole shareholding which amounted to 55 percent to Sequel media Inc. and the controlled entities namely Sequel Media Group . The consideration amount was 3 million AUD subject to all negotiations and final agreements. Now there were two areas where Telstra displayed prudence. Firstly, the assets were valued at lower of the carrying amount as opposed to their fair value. Secondly the media groups goodwill was impaired by 12 million AUD in the previous financial year.(Telstra, 2015) IASB 2004(a) states that if the fair value of an asset is less than its market value such assets should be written down or revalued and appropriate losses should be recognised and reported. This practise is direct consequence of the prudence principle.(Stolowy Lebas, 2006) d.) As they have used impairment to devalue the assets of Sequel Media group Telstra dont stand the risk of getting a lesser value then what they have recorded in their current assets and hence it will not give the stakeholders a distorted view of current assets which is very much in sync with the principle of prudence. The same case is applicable with Sentis group as well as since the goodwill has been impaired the assets which have been valued quite conservatively havent been distorted and consequently neither inflated the current asset figure of Telstra. Since the principal of prudence requires financial statements to be made such that assets are recorded at a value which is their probable realisable value and also to impair the assets which have lower value than their book value. Hence the impairment carried has pre-empted the stakeholders of the potential loss when the sale of these assets do take place even though it means that they have might not presented the most desirable p icture from the investors point of view. But the investors would be rather well informed about any losses than be kept in dark. The inventory has been valued at net realisable values and at cost depending on their status and hence in the next financial year when they are sold at profit it will reflect in the income statement and consequently tend to improve the profitability ratios of Telstra for that particular financial year. The principle of prudence in accounting requires that profts be recognised and reported only when they happen and not beforehand. Hence it is clear how through the application of prudence Telstra has managed to present an understated position of their financial position to various stake-holder groups. Whether this presentation is good or bad is open to debate with the conservatives vouching for it and the critics vehemently opposing it. References Cooper, S., 2015. A tale of prudence, s.l.: IFRS. Hariman, R., 2010. Prudence: Classical Virtue, Postmodern Practice. s.l.:Penn State Press. Kakabadse, N. K. Kakabadse, A., 2005. Prudence vs professionalism: Exploratory examination of pension trustee capability. Personnel review, 34(5), pp. 565-587. Onoja, E., 2015. Inventory Valuation Practices and Reporting: Nigerian Textile Industry Experience. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), pp. 74-82. Stolowy, H. Lebas, M., 2006. Financial Accounting and Reporting: A Global Perspective. s.l.:Cengage Learning. Telstra, 2015. Annual Report, s.l.: Telstra.

Business Research Report Proposal Quarterly

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Report Proposal Quarterly. Answer: Introduction The problem statement describes what a researcher needs to find out about the issues of a business environment. Here, the impact of business communication in Coca-Cola is defined. Apart from these issues, the solutions to improve communication challenges are also labeled here (Gopal, 2009). The problems and solutions are based on the research question which is given below. Research Questions Mention the challenges and issues of business communication which arise during a business operation in Coca-Cola Company. What are the strategies taken by the company to solve the problems and issues about business communication? Are these approaches and strategies are relevant and valid for global business? If not, explain why? Background of the research The background of the research proposal is concerned with the challenges and issues of business communication faced by the organization, Coca-Cola. The communications of organizations occur between employees and clients or among the internal employees (Guffey and Loewy, 2010). To solve the communication issues, Coca-Cola needs to find out the type of communication issues such as business to business communication or business to customer communication. Some examples of poor communications are poor listening skills which can lead to unnecessary conflict. These issues lead to wastage of productivity, money and time. The purpose of the research The purpose of doing this research is to resolve the challenges of business communication in an organization. The business communication problems can be solved as soon as the employees assess their style of communication along with their behavior (Business Communication Quarterly, 2009). As a result, it would explain their confidentiality and communication power when they are engaged in conversation. An excellent communication builds rapport and trust among the employees and a manager. Consequently, communication is improved (Sapp, 2007). Research Methodologies Research Approach A research approach determines that in which style the research is to be completed. A research approach can be classified into three types such as deductive approach, inductive approach, and abductive approach. Here, the research approach is deductive since the deductive approach is concerned with the validity of assumptions. But the inductive and abductive approach deals with new theories and puzzles respectively (Nwawka, 2016). In this proposal, there are no new theories and puzzles. Hence, the research approach is deductive. Research Design A research design is concerned with the arrangement of the research study. Besides, it figures out if the research proposition is correlational or descriptive, semi-experimental or experimental, Meta-analytic or review-based. However, this research topic is descriptive. Evidently, this particular research proposition about the business communication is not a contextual study based, but rather it is a descriptive based proposition (Rethinking Design Data, 2013). The research design is the framework that has been prepared for looking for answers to research questions. Research Assumptions A research assumption is a practical desire which individuals trust that the research holds it validity. However, it implies the research is done in a manner that it apparently clarifies all applications by giving confirmation. Research assumptions provide a premise to creating research instruments and theories. Therefore, these research assumptions are made by taking examples from the business communication issues of Coca-Cola. Analysis of Data Collection Method According to everybody, there are two sorts of data collection procedure. For example, qualitative and quantitative data collection system. Quantitative information can be dissected in various ways. The research is useful in the assessment since it gives quantifiable and straightforward results. From these two processes, this research is based on quantitative data collection technique since the research is observational and descriptive. The quantitative data can be classified into four levels like apparent, conventional, and temporary and proportion. In this research proposal, none of these is appropriate. Here, just descriptive information are connected. Research Instruments The fact-finding strategies are the instruments of the research. Aside that, it consists of the devices for collecting data. Moreover, it comprises of surveys, perception, perusing and meetings. Here, perception and perusing are utilized as research instruments. Research Outcome Based on this research, there is only one outcome, and that is the solutions to these business communication problems. The overall solutions are described in the recommendation section of this research proposal. Recommendation The business communication problems of Coca-Cola can be prevented when the workers of Coca-Cola assess their communication style. A good communication process requires some skills. Therefore, the employees of Coca-Cola should be trained properly with excellent communication skills. A customer to organization interactions is significant for the company (Okoro, 2011). It is vital for identifying the audience segments based on various requirements, desired results, and goals. A person needs to improve an active external consciousness that permits the communicator not just to tangle over her or his communications with others. By following this technique, a person can become an excellent communicator. The employees of Coca-Cola should focus on transparency, authenticity, and empathy. Communication is a form of exchange of information (Stringer and Cassiday, 2009). The clarification and explanation of ideas and thoughts are an important part of a leadership role. So, the company must recru it someone who can train the employees in an innovative way. The person should make plans for conversations and meetings so that he or she can efficiently mix inspiration and information. Conclusion The businesses are flourishing and active places of continuous changes. If anyone moves to a new company, then that person needs to adapt the style and communication process of that organization. To do so, he or she must make an early preparation. Ineffective communication is expensive. A workplace bonding improves the satisfaction, productivity, and retention of employees. The improvement of workplace bonding requires a good communication skill. Subsequently, the organization such as Coca Cola can accomplish competitive advantage. A research proposal is important for every organization to determine their business-related challenges and issues. In recent days, there are numerous ways for communication process than there were just a few years. Multiple communication method includes social networking sites which are the trending topic of this generation. Multinational companies also make use of social networking sites for communicating with customers. As a result, it helps in promotion of their brand. References Business Communication Quarterly. (2009).Business Communication Quarterly, 72(2), pp.145-145. Gopal, N. (2009).Business communication. New Delhi: New Age International. Guffey, M. and Loewy, D. (2010).Essentials of business communication. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Nwawka, O. (2016). Update in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Research.Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Okoro, E. (2011). Book Review: Managing Performance Improvement.Business Communication Quarterly, 74(3), pp.372-377. Rethinking Design Data. (2013).adr. Sapp, D. (2007). Teaching Business Communication in Nicaragua.Business Communication Quarterly, 70(2), pp.199-203. Stringer, D. and Cassiday, P. (2009).52 activities for improving cross-cultural communication. Boston, Mass.: Intercultural Press.

Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation free essay sample

Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary The situation consists of me constructing a perceptual map to create a marketing plan for Thorr Motorcycles. The perceptual map will be based off of parameters fundamental to the product and significant to the customer. I am the marketing manager for CruiserThorr. We are trying to use the parameters to market a new and innovative motorcycle to meet the needs of the target market. The parameters I have to choose from are lifestyle image, product design and styling, coolness, product uniqueness, service offerings, price, engine capacity, safety, and quality engineering. The parameters that I picked and felt were the most appropriate to market a new motorcycle were product design and styling, service offerings, price, and quality engineering. I chose product design and styling because often what the customer sees influences what they buy. Customers want products that are appealing to the eye and what better way to do so than by making sure that the product is new, cool looking, and gives off the impression that the product is amazing. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Service offerings are an essential element of any motor vehicle operation because they will need to be serviced every few months. Whether it be tune-ups, oil changes, or tire changes it is important to offer those services to customers. So naturally it makes sense to offer services such as maintenance, customizations, training courses, or financial services to customers. This helps to build loyalty and a customer fan base. â€Å"Price is the most important attribute of a product, because it drives purchase decisions in most cases (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). † I suggested that the market team should decrease the price while increasing the style of the motorcycle to appeal to the target population. While price is important if the price is too high sales will be low, but if the price is too low the revenue the company will bring in will not be enough to support the product. I suggested that the price should be median and appropriate for the average purchaser. The price should not be too high and not too low and we should offer different payment plans to customers. â€Å"Quality engineering covers all the aspects of manufacturing from sourcing the best material to high-quality production to superior styling (University of Phoenix, n. d. )† The product or motorcycle in this case cannot be successful without this important attribute because it incorporates everything such as design, engine capacity, coolness, or uniqueness. Quality engineering is what makes the product different from the rest and appealing to the customer. The results that I received when conducting the simulations were good. I chose three of the four fundamental parameters. The parameter that I did not choose was lifestyle image, which influences the customer into buying into the image rather than the functional attributes according to the University of Phoenix simulation. In the second part of the simulation I was asked to choose a marketing strategy, a marketing position, and differentiation options. I chose to reposition CruiserThorr, decrease price and increase styling, and use price, promotion, place, and services as the differentiation options. For price I chose to decrease price. For place I chose to include dealers and internet sites. For promotions I chose to sponsor events, offer insurance and protection plans, offer test rides for free, hire celebrities for endorsements, publicize through Hollywood films, and provide giveaways to potential customers. For services I chose to provide training to dealers, offer customization options, include financial services, and provide services to owner groups. I chose to decrease price and increase style to help boost sales because with recent pitfalls in the economy has caused sales to decrease. If the marketing team decreases the price sales will increase because it will make it more affordable to the target market which consists of mostly 18-25 year olds; hence, increasing style to meet the demands of a younger and hip clientele. According to the simulation, I could have done better especially pertaining to price. The simulation insisted that maintaining the price is crucial to the differentiation and changing the price would adversely affect the other components of the marketing mix. I agree. I could have offered financing options for customers rather than decreasing the price. This would allow customers to get the motorcycle and pay it off in a reasonable time and still not lose out on the profit. Every company or business should constantly evaluate or examine their products or services to be able to better serve its target market. The positioning and differentiation of products are essential element of marketing strategies and tactics. Differentiation of the products or services is the integration of attributes making the company’s product different from competitors. Depending on the differentiation of the product will help determine where the marketing team will position the product. The position of the product is how you represent your product against competitors to the target market. For example, Thorr’s Motorcycle Inc. would state that their corporation is the best because they guarantee quality engineering and low prices. The relationship between differentiation and positioning is that both elements go hand in hand. The marketing team cannot have one element without the other. The positioning of the product or service depends on the differentiation of the product in the market. The repositioning of Thorr Motorcycles is not what I expected because it was hard to see how the product and services could recover without the clear understanding of attributes or parameters, differentiation, and marketing plans or tactics. The product life cycle has many effects on the marketing strategies and tactics. Planning is effected and depending on where the product is in the life cycle can help the company prepare for the future of the product. Every marketing team understands that the life of a product is inevitable and will end eventually. Knowing where the product is in the life cycle helps the company prepare for increases and declines in sales. The pitfall of the life cycle that has a negative effect on marketing tactics is making false assumptions. For example, no marketing team can predict the launch of similar products. So while the company is expecting an increase in sales they may not because the competitor’s campaign may be more appealing giving off the impression that the original item is a copy. So that being said changes in marketing conditions or consumer needs can hinder the assumption of where the product should be in the life cycle. In conclusion, my job was to choose a marketing plan for Thorr Motorcycle Inc. to help reposition the product. I chose innovation tactics that proved to be a good plan to increase revenue. Though my tactics could have been altered by maintain price while offering financing options I think my marketing team did an awesome job.

Chronic Offenders Essays

Chronic Offenders Essays Chronic Offenders Paper Chronic Offenders Paper Chronic Offenders Chronic offenders execute serious crimes repetitively. According to criminal data obtained by the Office of the Legislative Auditor in the state of Minnesota, criminal offenders severely perpetrate different kinds of crimes in different areas of the country. (Yunker, Bombach, Meyerhoff)The build-up of offenses leads to criminal careers. The concept of criminal careers refers to crimes committed by an individual that occurs one after the other extendedly. Moreover, the concept of criminal careers focus on the involvement of individuals to crimes, characterization of offenders and non-offenders, and the regularity of criminal activity by offenders. (Blumstein, Cohen, Roth Visher, 12)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the major reasons why offenders commit crime unceasingly is the lack of an integrated network system within and among states. The presence of a database that should be made available in all states is necessary in order to prevent chronic crimes. This confines justice systems in dealing with chronic offenders. Records of offenders and crimes committed should be made available not only in a nationwide system database, but also networks within states. Access to these databases will allow justice systems to make appropriate decisions for sanctioning chronic offenders. Although this need has been addressed by state governments, the process of establishing network databases still call for appropriation of financial resources. (Yunker, Bombach, Meyerhoff)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other reasons for â€Å"chronicity† of crimes include is failure of justice systems to acknowledge the fact that imprisonment does not solve the issue of chronic crimes. Most offenders have been in and out of prison, but serving their respective sentences does not eliminate their initiatives to commit crime after leaving prison. Other options should be looked in to as punishment, such as reintegration to society by involving them with community service, socialization programs, work positions, etc. Granting incentives is also an excellent way to encourage chronic offenders to fulfill orders by the justice system and laws mandated by the constitution. (Yunker, Bombach, Meyerhoff)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The government, the justice system, and law enforcement agencies should focus more on the needs of offenders. Chronic crimes occur because needs or issues of offenders are not addressed, causing them to continue executing crimes despite reprimand or imprisonment. Some chronic offenders have been diagnosed with mental illnesses, psychological problems, etc. These conditions are often left unresolved even after imprisonment permitting criminal activities to prolong and extend to even graver offenses. Stakeholders should not only focus on imprisonment, but also the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders to society. These solutions will ensure that offenders are transformed into healthy and productive members of society. (Oppal)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The chronic offender concept insinuates deficiencies on the part of law enforcement, the justice system, the government, and the community when it comes to dealing with crimes. The growing rate of offenders that commit crime continuously means that law enforcement agencies lack the capacity to foresee criminal patterns and aptitude to strategically prevent crime. (Blumstein, Cohen, Roth Visher, 109) Knowledge of a crime committed by a first-time offender should instantly furnish law enforcement agencies with important facts and details to predict increase or decrease in crime rate. Follow-through and supervision should also be integrated to the responsibilities of law enforcement agencies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from law enforcement agencies, chronic crimes also indicate deficiencies in the justice system, specifically sentencing policies. Sanctions granted to criminals by the justice system ideally reinforce criminal activities negatively. Sentences should eliminate criminal activity, and not encourage them. Therefore, offenders who have been sentenced but still commit crime after serving their sentence imply that sentencing policies are weak in realizing its purpose in fighting crime and bringing about justice. Absence of the government’s involvement in funding law enforcement purposes and evaluating the justice system and sentencing programs may be inferred from the nature of chronic crimes. Frequent offenses committed means that law enforcement agencies lack resources to improve services, realize full potential, and enact responsibilities competitively. Moreover, the government does not follow evaluation processes that will determ ine the strength and weaknesses of the justice system and sentencing programs. Only by addressing these concerns will chronic crimes be gradually resolved. Blumstein, Alfred, Cohen, Jacqueline, Roth, Jeffrey A., Visher, Christy A. (1986). â€Å"Criminal Careers and ‘Career Criminals’.† Retrieved from National Academy of Sciences. 11 September 2008. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=922page=12. Oppal, Wally. (2006). â€Å"Crime, Safety and Chronic Offenders.† Retrieved from The Canadian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bar Association. 11 September 2008. cba.org/bc/CBA_Publications/bartalk_12_06/guest_oppal.aspx

How to Convert Feet to Inches

How to Convert Feet to Inches Feet (ft) and inches (in) are two units of length, most commonly used in the United States. The units are used in schools, daily life, art, and some areas of science and engineering. The feet to inches conversion is useful and important, so heres the formula and examples that show how to convert feet to inches and inches to feet. Feet to Inches Formula This conversion isnt quite as easy as converting between metric units, which are simply factors of 10, but its not difficult. The conversion factor is: 1 foot 12 inches distance in inches (distance in feet) x (12 inches/foot) So, to convert a measurement in feet to inches, all you need to do is multiply the number by 12. This is an exact number, so if youre working with significant figures, it wont limit them. Feet to Inches Example Lets say you measure a room and find it is 12.2 feet across. Find the number in inches. length in inches length in feet x 12length 12.2 ft x 12length 146.4 or 146 inches Converting Inches to Feet Since all you do is multiply by 12 to convert feet to inches, it should make sense to you that all you do to convert inches to feet is divide by 12. The conversion factor is the same: 12 inches 1 foot distance in feet (distance in inches) / (12 inches/foot) Inches to Feet Example You measure your laptop and find the screen is 15.4 inches across. What is this in feet? distance in feet (distance in inches) / (12 inches/foot)distance 15.4 in / 12 in/ftdistance 1.28 feet Important Information for Unit Conversions with Division One of the most common areas of confusion when doing unit conversions involving division concerns unit cancelling. When youre converting inches to feet, you divide by 12 in/ft. This is the same as multiplying by ft/in! Its one of those rules you use when multiplying fractions that a lot of people forget about when dealing with units. When you divide by a fraction, the denominator (part on the bottom) moves to the top, while the numerator (part on the top) moves to the bottom. Thus, the units cancel out to give you the desired answer.

Sports in Men, Men in Sports - Gender Inequalities in Sports Essay

Sports in Men, Men in Sports - Gender Inequalities in Sports - Essay Example Burstyn joins several historians and sociologists such as Mangan and Park (1990), Messner (1992) and Roath and Basow (2004) in unraveling the deeply rooted gender identities and practices prevailing and perpetuating itself in the contemporary social landscape. She asserts that â€Å"success in sport is the most powerful social configuration of masculinity that any male can attain in our culture†. In the spirit of feminist scholarship, Burstyn tries to reveal the discrimination and the oppressive forces directed towards women in the multibillion-dollar enterprise encompassing professional sport to include even the ever-expanding Olympics as well. The issue is pressing and deserves attention, according to Burstyn, for ‘the rituals of sport engage more people in a shared experience than any other institution or cultural activity today." (p. 3) Indeed, sports coverage is available to almost all people in the world. The central thesis in Burstyn’s work is that â€Å"h ypermasculinity† or the cultural exaltation of the ideal man is so much present in the way the technology-media complex is employed in the world of sports.  Ã‚   Sports serve as an avenue for the perpetuation of the idea that males should be strong, enduring and victorious and not effeminate. In more popular terms, if you can’t talk sports or be an athlete in some way, you have very little to tell yourself and others that you’re a man. For me, Burstyn was dedicated like Messner and Sabo (1990) in winning the argument that girls and women are placed and regarded as a mere second-class citizen in the hierarchy of sports whether it may be little league or professional in nature for they are unable to replicate the capacities of men in the playing field. According to Burstyn, the world of sports is a dynamic one with rules changing abruptly. While there are indeed certain images still associated in sports such as winners and losers, new stars on the rise, triumphs and defeats, the world of sports has become, albeit unconsciously, a tool for popularizing and commercializing the image of the ideal man.  Ã‚  

States Pursuing Empires Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

States Pursuing Empires - Essay Example political control by some political societies over the effective sovereignty of other political societies and that it can be achieved by force, by political collaboration, by economic, social or cultural dependence. (19) There are numerous reasons why states pursue empire-building. Economic motives however is the most applicable among these. The case of Western Europe, for instance, highlights this with the intensified political, economic, and military competition among rivals for resources, which by nature were scarce at any given time in any given place. (Deng 1999, p. 207) Here, European states and chartered companies such as the British East India Company and the Portuguese Estado da India, among others, sought new sources of wealth, which resulted to the sudden unleashing of market power, the spectacular growth in trade and the continuous expansion of overseas colonies. In addition, a number of great thinkers endorse empire-building as a means defending a country’s economic and political interests. Notoriously, even Karl Marx agreed in The Communist Manifesto that the gun is the best way to make the point when capitalism encountered â€Å"barbarians†. (Marx & Engels 1963) Machiavelli’s notion of necessita in his Discourse, also fundamentally supports empire building or the expansion of territories as necessary once its dominion had been extended beyond a certain scope. For him, it is important to expand – so much so that, as is well known, Machiavelli measures the quality of different possible constitutions for cities by how suitable they are to this end. (Bock, Skinner & Viroli 1990, 37) In his discussion of the Roman Empire, Machiavelli has argued that expansive government is pushed forward by the dialectic of the social and political forces of the Republic. There are those who criticize empire building including its modern version – imperialism. Hobson, for example, in Imperialism: A Study, wrote that empire-building denies many traditional

Achieving a Balanced Life in Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility Essay

Achieving a Balanced Life in Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility We are often told that too much of anything can be a bad thing. Even Aristotle, one of the greatest thinkers of all time, insisted that the only path to real contentment and inner peace is "The Golden Mean" (Funk & Wagnalls 328). This life lesson is learned by two of Jane Austen's most well-known characters. Only when Elinor and Marianne Dashwood achieve a balance between Sense and Sensibility do they find true happiness in their lives. The dichotomy between "sense" and "sensibility" is one of the lenses through which Austen's Sense and Sensibility is most commonly analyzed. This distinction is most clearly symbolized by the psychological contrast between the novel's two main characters. Elinor, the older of the two, represents qualities of "sense," such as reason, restraint, social responsibility, and a clear-headed concern for the welfare of others. In contrast, Marianne, her younger sister, represents the qualities of "sensibility," such as emotion, spontaneity, impulsiveness, and rapturous devotion. As both Elinor and Marianne suffer disappointments in love, they undergo transformations that bring each character closer to the other in behavior and personality. Elinor, the epitome of all that is proper and conventional, begins to show emotions, traits that appeared to have been hidden within her. Marianne, the over-reacting and highly emotional young lady, evolves into a more mature and dignified woman. In the final analysis we find that only when these two young women achieve a balance in their lives, can they truly enjoy a peaceful existence. In other words, the novel's success is a result not of the triumph of sense over sensibility, or sensibilit... ...rself as a mature and responsible young woman. By adapting some of each other's traits but maintaining some of their own, these women have achieved the necessary balance. Perhaps Yasmine Gooneratne says it best when she writes, "The complete human personality needs certain qualities in balanced proportion. Sense and sensibility, reason and passion, mind and heart, complement each other" (73). This is "The Golden Mean". Works Cited "Aristotle." Funk and Wagnallas New Encyclopedia. 1992. 328. Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. New York: Doherty, 1995. Gooneratane, Yasmine. Jane Austen. London: Cambridge, 1970. 73. Mansell, Darrel. The Novels of Jane Austen: An Interpretation. London: Macmillian, 1973. 66. Reinstein, P. Gila. "Moral Priorities in 'Sense and Sensibility'." Renascence 35.4 (Summer 1983): 269-83. (I found this using the MLA Database)

My philosophy on education Essay

My philosophy on education is pegged on my understanding of education. Education is the process aimed at acquiring knowledge to develop ones powers of reasoning so as to be fully equipped to handle different issues that abound in life. Every outstanding member of society is a product of education which may be formal or informal hence useful education consists of much more than mere knowledge of facts and inculcation of marketable skills. The best fruit of a properly executed education is an individual with a drive to succeed in society by using all the available resources within the acceptable means of this society. Given the dynamics of the current society, where the quest for financial freedom has taken center stage, parents are no longer able to devote adequate attention to their children which has left a void in the lives of children. Teachers are the only means to fill this void and in many cases teachers have gone on to become vital personalities in the lives of children as the children mature from childhood. This is very evident in the fact that all prominent personalities have at least one of even more memories of an early childhood teacher who influenced their life greatly. Teachers are also placed in a pivotal position to change the future of their students by converting would be future criminals or even abusers to future doctors, politicians and all other kinds of prominent people in society.. I hold a strong belief that every child has the right to an education and the best gift that society can bequeath to a child is a good education to help the child to become a productive member of society. In conclusion, my decision to become an elementary school teacher is based on a strong desire to live a life of service to children so as to play a part in creating a better tomorrow. I wish to, at the earliest stage in life, nurture and set all children in the best course of life whereby they will be able to appreciate the power that they possess and then come to the realization that they can be all they want to be.

Mobile Access System Plan for Indian Railway System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2231 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Assignment Title à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Mobile Access System Plan for Indian Railway System .Word Count: 1500 LETTER FOR TRANSMITTAL April 02, 2015 Mr. John Smith, CEO Indian Railway Dear Sir: Below is the report on IT restructure to include secure mobile integrated access to various reservation services in stages as requested in a letter from the Registrar to me on March 15th. As you will see, mobile access systems can be incorporated with a range of features and is being implemented by Railway Information Systems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mobile Access System Plan for Indian Railway System" essay for you Create order I have carefully researched this emerging mobile market.My report first identifies the objective and benefits of mobile access systems. I have then compared the top four operating systems.Finally, my conclusions and recommendations identify the best mobile access system hardware and software solutions for Indian Railway within the specified limitations. Thank you, Mr. Smith and Team, for the opportunity to prepare this report. Please contact me for any further information. I hope you will think of me for your future research needs. Sincerely, Bincy Gijo Information Systems Consultant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The passenger reservation system is one of the important online reservations in Indian Railway. The use of mobile and wireless technology to meet organization needs and goals is top priority among the globe. My report deals with a Mobile Access System plan for various reservation systems in Indian Railway. This consists of two key components Passenger Mobile Access System and Wireless Mobile Access System. It is designed to benefit different stakeholders. This report has been divided into stages to ensure appropriate feedback is given at each stage and also due to costs involved. It is necessary to create agreement among stakeholders about the need of these tools to enhance efficiency. TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER FOR TRANSMITTAL3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS6 BACKGROUND 6 INTRODUCTION6 1. DEPLOYMENT OF CONSUMER MOBILE ACCESS SYSTEM PLAN7 1.1 Business Goals7 1.2 Technical Goals7 1.3 Access to Various Operating Systems8 2. DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEM PLAN8 2.1 Business Goals8 2.2 Technical Goals9 2.3 Access to Various Operating Systems9 3. SECURITY 9 3.1Concerns10 3.2Potential Solutions10 4. PROVISIONAL LIST OF EXPENSE ITEMS11 5. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION12 6. REFERENCES13 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS Indian Railway is the third largest railway network in the world which connected to East, West, North, South and Central Zones and serves over 50 million passengers every day. Online Reservation and Mobile Tracking Services allow all major stakeholders secure access to relevant information to manage and improve outcomes. The passenger reservation system was known the name Integrated Multi-train Passenger Reservation System (IMPRESS) which could switch the functional necessities of reservation, accounting, enquiry and charting. The mobile access scheme is user-friendly and secure, as no print out is essential. Business System Plan needs to include implementation of Mobile Access Systems. BACKGROUND Railway Information System has been delegated with the job of developing, executing, and maintaining integrated IT applications for the Indian Railways (IR).It includes information from various departments like Reservation, seat availability, Confirmation, Cancellation, and Schedule. Most railways have increased their spending on IT for centralized systems and electronic records that benefit the passengers and Railway Industry. There is a great need to provide secure mobile access to passengers and staff. INTRODUCTION Mobile Phones have become known as one of the most hastily scattering technologies over the last decade. This has altering the people lives style predominantly, within the context of developing countries (Ezenwa Brooks 2014, p. 1). The growth of mobile device usage as compared to stationary web has triggered many firms to develop mobile interfaces for customers to access their services securely. (Gafni Barak, 2013) .Indian Railway is in a need to develop its IT system to include secure mobile access to its passengers via a more integrated passenger reservation mobile application. Nowadays all the queries like Train Alert, PNR Status, Train status, Seat availability, Train schedule, Train Information and Train Time Table obtainable on the Indian railway web siteare accessible on your mobile phone through SMS. Wireless networks are exposed to attacks as compared to wired network as anyone can access it and that is why it is crucial to have a secure system in place. (Vargic, Kotuliak, VrÃÆ' ¡bel, HusÃÆ' ¡k, 2013). We will access the passenger Mobile Access System Plan and the Wireless Access System Plan in depth. 1. DEPLOYMENT OF PASSENGER MOBILE ACCESS SYSTEM PLAN 1.1 Business Goals Mobile Access System will enhance passenger experience and reduce costs. It will increase Railway related information and help in social support. The plan is to target all Railway travellers and provide secure access about their Individual Journey details. Key functions of the mobile portal can be implemented in stages as per below. Stage 1: The passenger will be able to view individual Reservation cum-journey tickets, Cancellation/Modification tickets, Reservation Charts and Daily Terminal Cash Summary, edit personal details and emergency contact details. The traveller will also get access to various informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s like Schedule, Time delay, Train status and Seat availability. Stage 2: The passenger will get automatic sms updates about upcoming schedule, special discount reminders, seat availability, Cancellation of train and Tatkal service. Stage 3: The passenger will be able to send emails to the Indian Railway Department about any query regarding Train Information and complaints. Stage 4: The passenger will be able to video chat with Railway Engineers. This phase will incorporate Mobile telecommunication which will enable travellers to send images etc. to communicate. The Benefit would be increased efficiency resulting in quality service at no additional cost to the customer. 1.2 Technical Goals Indian Railway aims to provide high performance standard. The system will be designed for fault tolerance and the capacity to exceed projected user loads and overall system performance should meet requirements. The system will be capable of load balancing. This will result in failure detection and redirection of users to backup modules 1.3 Access to Various Operating Systems There are various mobile phones available in the market. We will access the major operating systems available and its version. Table 1.3.a Mobile Phone Operating System Version Apple,Inc iOS iOS 6 Open Handset Alliance /Google Android Jelly Bean BlackBerry Ltd BlackBerry OS Blackberry OS 7.1 Nokia Symbian OS BELLE Nokia Lumia 800 Windows Windows 7 SamsungWave 3 Bada Bada 2.0.5 Hp WebOS Hp Touch Pad 3. SECURITY The Integrity, availability and confidentiality of the information need to be guaranteed when the information has been captured, stored and maintained in a database (Adesina et al. 2011). Parameters like password protection, network requirements, synch, backup and recovery are extremely important for mobile access security. Devices should have proper anti-virus and firewall options so that data is secure. In order to protect passengerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s privacy, messages should be encoded and only those with access to system can view them. 3.1 Concerns Hackers can attack Railway network and systems and mobile phones. They could extract passwords and sensitive information of passengers and railway Information records. They could install malware and other virus that can permanently damage records. Unlike the PC world, mobile world uses various operating systems and numerous platforms and thus at high risk.(Leavitt, 2013) 3.2 Potential Solutions Mobile Security Risk Assessment: To scrutinize external IP address and scan firewall penetration. IT Governance Committee: To set policies and procedures with reference to mobile access, data storage on mobile devices, transmission within mobile devices, Loss or theft of devices, Audits etc. Digital Watermarking is the method of embedding data into a multimedia entity, such that the watermark can be discovered or extracted later without harming the object (Adesina et al. 2011). Training Program: To train employees about policy and procedures. Measures to prevent unauthorized usage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Set up a real time monitoring system. Audits of mobile devices. Data Backup and automatic update of security patches. (Green, 2013) (Ghallali et al., 2013) 4. RESOURCES Below is the list of resources while planning the project: Development Resources: These resources necessitate initially designing and implementing the system. Graphic Designers Software Developers Testing Specialists Human Resources Business Analysts Database Administrators Software and Interfaces in-order to configure the environment Software License Hardware used by developers Testing Components Deployment Resources: Once the implementation is completed these resources Data Connectivity related resources Training Staff Operations Resources: These resources need for on-going maintenance of the system Data and Communication Service Server Management and Hosting Server Call Centre Support Staff 5. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES Various types of cost and benefits are available to planning the project such as Direct cost, Indirect cost and intangible cost. Defining a work plan finalized in collaboration with project team (Grevendonk, Taliesin Brigden 2013) .Railway manager will responsible of supervising the timeline, budget, quality and potential risks (Grevendonk, Taliesin Brigden 2013).Below table shows how much cost should be add to implement mobile access to reservation system in Indian Railway. Table 5a Table 5b 6. RECOMMENDATION Mobile technology will bypass conventional communication systems and allow passengers to communicate over great areas. Data is vital hence it is always recommends to maintain a security and privacy of the passengers data and as well as availability of the data (Adesina et al. 2011). Feedback and constant monitoring will enhance the mobile access system. Timely surveys and surveillance will ensure smooth operations. 7. CONCLUSION Implementing a Mobile accessible Railway Information System is very complex task in real world scenario. Although there had been many research findings, before applying those theories it is best practice to apply most significant theories. With the evolving technology in the future, we can build up a more sophisticated system in order to support railway information system. The most significant factor is data used by the passengers and user. It is recommended that both railway passengers and user have confidence in confidentiality and the integrity of the information and data and the protection of the broadcast channels (Adesina et al. 2011). 8. REFERENCES: Adesina, AO, Agbele, KK, Februarie, R, Abidoye, AP Nyongesa, HO 2011, Ensuring the security and privacy of information in mobile health-care communication systems, South African Journal of Science, vol. 107, no. 9/10, pp. 26-32, EBSCOhost, a9h, item: 69955854. 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